A Post-genomic Approach to Understanding Sphingolipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dunn, Teresa M.; Lynch, Daniel V.; Michaelson, Louise V.; Napier, J. A.

doi:10.1093/aob/mch071

Cited by 146 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…This might account for the cell death phenotype in a number of cases [16-19, 45, 46]. Ceramide synthase was proposed to be a multisubunit complex, of which members of the yeast longevity assurance gene (LAG1) family, including the tomato ASC1 gene [47], are the only components identified thus far [12,48]. Whereas the dominant ASC1 allele confers FB 1 -and AAL toxin-resistance to tomato [15,49], overexpression of the mammalian LAG1 homologs UOG1 [50], TRH1 and TRH4 [51] renders 293T cells resistant to FB 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of sphingoid bases in mediating reactive oxygen intermediate production and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis

et al. 2007

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Sphingolipids have been suggested to act as second messengers for an array of cellular signaling activities in plant cells, including stress responses and programmed cell death (PCD). However, the mechanisms underpinning these processes are not well understood. Here, we report that an Arabidopsis mutant, fumonisin B1 resistant11-1 (fbr11-1), which fails to generate reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), is incapable of initiating PCD when the mutant is challenged by fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), a specific inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Molecular analysis indicated that FBR11 encodes a long-chain base1 (LCB1) subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), which catalyzes the first rate-limiting step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Mass spectrometric analysis of the sphingolipid concentrations revealed that whereas the fbr11-1 mutation did not affect basal levels of sphingoid bases, the mutant showed attenuated formation of sphingoid bases in response to FB 1 . By a direct feeding experiment, we show that the free sphingoid bases dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine and sphingosine efficiently induce ROI generation followed by cell death. Conversely, ROI generation and cell death induced by dihydrosphingosine were specifically blocked by its phosphorylated form dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate in a dosedependent manner, suggesting that the maintenance of homeostasis between a free sphingoid base and its phosphorylated derivative is critical to determining the cell fate. Because alterations of the sphingolipid level occur prior to the ROI production, we propose that the free sphingoid bases are involved in the control of PCD in Arabidopsis, presumably through the regulation of the ROI level upon receiving different developmental or environmental cues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of sphingoid bases in mediating reactive oxygen intermediate production and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis

et al. 2007

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“…The condensing enzyme, or β-ketoacylCoA synthase (KCS), catalyzes the first of the four reactions and is both rate-limiting and specific for the chain length of acyl-CoA synthesized (Millar and Kunst, 1997). Two highly divergent families of KCSs have been identified in Arabidopsis: an FAE1-type family homologous to the first condensing enzyme demonstrated to be involved in seed oil biosynthesis (Kunst et al, 1992;James et al, 1995), and ELOs, which have homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ELO family that is responsible for sphingolipid synthesis (Dunn et al, 2004). Of the 21 FAE1-type KCS enzymes in Arabidopsis , 11 have been shown by microarray analysis to be upregulated in the stem epidermis (Suh et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Biosynthesis Of Vlcfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic Diffusion Barriers in Arabidopsis

Nawrath

Schreiber

Franke

et al. 2013

The Arabidopsis Book

130

143

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During the development of Arabidopsis and other land plants, diffusion barriers are formed in the apoplast of specialized tissues within a variety of plant organs. While the cuticle of the epidermis is the primary diffusion barrier in the shoot, the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae of the endodermis and the periderm represent the diffusion barriers in the root. Different classes of molecules contribute to the formation of extracellular diffusion barriers in an organ-and tissue-specific manner. Cutin and wax are the major components of the cuticle, lignin forms the early Casparian strip, and suberin is deposited in the stage II endodermis and the periderm. The current status of our understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure, ultrastructure and physiological functions of plant diffusion barriers is discussed. Specific aspects of the synthesis of diffusion barrier components and protocols that can be used for the assessment of barrier function and important barrier properties are also presented.

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“…The Arabidopsis CER10 protein shows significant homology with yeast enoyl-CoA reductase Tsc13p, because it rescues the temperature-sensitive lethality of the tsc13-1 yeast mutant (12) and is involved in VLCFA synthesis (13). The Arabidopsis genome also contains a gene that shares significant homology with the yeast 3-ketoreductase YBR159w, and although it has been demonstrated that this Arabidopsis activity can rescue biochemical phenotypes of the ybr159⌬ mutant, the in vivo role of the plant gene remains to be determined (14). The yeast dehydratase PHS1/YJL097w gene also shares significant similarity with the Arabidopsis PASTICCINO2 (PAS2) gene, which was shown to rescue phs1⌬ lethality (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

The very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 is essential and limiting for plant development

Bach

Michaelson

Haslam

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

199

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Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are synthesized as acyl-CoAs by the endoplasmic reticulum-localized elongase multiprotein complex. Two Arabidopsis genes are putative homologues of the recently identified yeast 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydratase (PHS1), the third enzyme of the elongase complex. We showed that Arabidopsis PASTICCINO2 (PAS2) was able to restore phs1 cytokinesis defects and sphingolipid long chain base overaccumulation. Conversely, the expression of PHS1 was able to complement the developmental defects and the accumulation of long chain bases of the pas2-1 mutant. The pas2-1 mutant was characterized by a general reduction of VLCFA pools in seed storage triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes, and complex sphingolipids. Most strikingly, the defective elongation cycle resulted in the accumulation of 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA intermediates, indicating premature termination of fatty acid elongation and confirming the role of PAS2 in this process. We demonstrated by in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation that PAS2 was specifically associated in the endoplasmic reticulum with the enoyl-CoA reductase CER10, the fourth enzyme of the elongase complex. Finally, complete loss of PAS2 function is embryo lethal, and the ectopic expression of PHS1 led to enhanced levels of VLCFAs associated with severe developmental defects. Altogether these results demonstrate that the plant 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 is an essential and limiting enzyme in VLCFA synthesis but also that PAS2-derived VLCFA homeostasis is required for specific developmental processes. cuticular wax ͉ elongase ͉ sphingolipid ͉ triacylglycerol ͉ leaf development

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A Post-genomic Approach to Understanding Sphingolipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: Arabidopsis provides an excellent genetic and post-genomic model for the characterization of the roles of sphingolipids in higher plants.

Cited by 146 publications

References 117 publications

Involvement of sphingoid bases in mediating reactive oxygen intermediate production and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis

Involvement of sphingoid bases in mediating reactive oxygen intermediate production and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis

Apoplastic Diffusion Barriers in Arabidopsis

The very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 is essential and limiting for plant development

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