A practical approach to chronic kidney disease in primary care

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common clinical problem in primary care, can be defined as any abnormality of the kidney structure and/or function that has been present for at least 3 months. Over the past 20 years, the incidence and prevalence of CKD have been increasing in Malaysia in line with the rising number of non-communicable diseases. At present, CKD has no cure. The treatment of CKD is very much dependent on early diagnosis and prevention of CKD progression. In this article, we aim to illustrate a practical approach to CKD in primary care, including diagnosis, evaluation, and management of CKD.

Prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and the associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian country

“…The test for microalbuminuria was routinely done in T2D patients having negative results for urine protein. Common tests used to detect albuminuria in health clinics included automated urine analysis, dipstick, 24-h urine protein, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 17 .…”

Development and Characterization of a Novel FVB-PrkdcR2140C Mouse Model for Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from a variety of primary diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, and renal sclerosis, and leads to long-term, irreversible changes in kidney function and structure [1]. More than 2.5 million people are currently receiving renal replacement therapy, and this is expected to increase to 5.4 million by 2030 [2,3].…”

Prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos: una revisión bibliográfica

“…La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), es cualquier anomalía de la estructura y/o función renal que ha estado presente durante al menos 3 meses, abarca una amplia gama de gravedad y heterogeneidad de la enfermedad con respecto a su riesgo de progresión clínica a enfermedad renal en etapa terminal 1 . La ERC es una enfermedad progresiva sin cura y con alta morbilidad y mortalidad que se presenta comúnmente en la población adulta en general, especialmente en personas con diabetes e hipertensión 2 .…”

“…Puede ser necesaria la derivación a un nefrólogo para un tratamiento específico. Aquellos con ERC más avanzada deben ser referidos a atención terciaria de manera oportuna para desacelerar la progresión hacia la enfermedad terminal 1 . De esta manera, se puede observar que se demanda mayor participación del personal de salud en la prevención de la ERC, y las acciones multidisciplinares se deben realizar en los tres niveles de prevención.…”