A Practical Approach to Toxicological Investigations

Abstract

First published in 1989, this book acknowledges that new drugs, food additives and other compounds need to be carefully screened for toxic side-effects. The bulk of this study is devoted to the practical questions of 'what toxicological studies should we perform?' and 'how should we perform them?' Compounds which undergo toxicity testing may be conveniently categorised as those which are intended for administration to man and those which are not. The former include pharmaceuticals to be used medicinally or prophylactically and chemicals which are added to our food, drinks or medicine to improve their stability, appearance or palatability. Since it is on pharmaceuticals that the most comprehensive toxicological evaluations are generally performed, this book has been directed primarily towards to toxicological evaluation of potential new drugs. The principles and methodology of toxicological evaluation of other types of compounds are essentially similar.

Toxicological assessment of Aralia mandshurica (Araliaceae) root extract after subchronic administration in rats. A biochemical and histological study

“…A possible hepatotoxic effect of Arafia manshurica cannot be ruled out. The variations observed in the total serological proteins and urea described for this animal species are within the normal range (Poole and Leslie 1989;Ringler and Dabich, 1979).…”

“…This could indicate some degree of tissue lesion in some of the above mentioned organs. Serum alkaline phosphatase is an unspecific tissue enzyme widely spread, mainly in the osteoblasts, liver, biliary canaliculi (Poole and Leslie, 1989;Benjamin, 1978;Ringler and Dabich, 1979). The increase in SAP in the Arulia mandshuricu treated rats at the end of the administration period (day 90) was higher in male rats (p<O.Ol) than in females (~~0 .…”

“…On days 15, 30, 45, 75 and 90 of administration of Arafia mandshurica, blood samples were obtained, under light ether anaesthesia, by means of retroorbital puncture with a microcapillary tube. On day 90, the rats were killed by decapitation (Zbinden, 1963;Boyd, 1968;Poole and Leslie, 1989;Jurado , 1989).…”

Neuroprotective effects of Rosa damascena extract on learning and memory in a rat model of amyloid-β-induced Alzheimer`s disease

“…Determination of acute oral toxicity is usually an initial screening step in the assessment and evaluation of the toxic characteristics of all compounds. [ 19 20 ]…”

Differential effect of chromium compounds on the immune response of the African mouth breeder Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)

“…The 96-h LD 50 (Poole & Leslie, 1989;Hoar, 1993;Franson, 1995) for potassium dichromate (hexavalent chromium) and chromic chloride (trivalent chromium) were found to be 75 and 1000 g, respectively, indicating hexavalent chromium to be more toxic than trivalent chromium.…”