A Practical Protection Coordination Strategy Applied to Secondary and Facility Microgrids

Jin, Daegeun; Choi, Jongchan; Won, Dong-Jun; Lee, Hak‐Ju; Chae, Woo-Kyu; Park, Jung-Sung

doi:10.3390/en5093248

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Installation of distributed generation with different properties [10,11] • Changes to the equipment on protection or the setting value are not required.…”

Section: Proposed Protection Methods Claimed Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive Protection Coordination Method Design of Remote Microgrid for Three-Phase Short Circuit Fault

et al. 2021

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Generally, the fault current supplied by inverter-based renewable energy sources (IBRES) and electrical storage systems (ESS) is about 1.2 to 2 times their rated current and much lower than synchronous generators because the former acts as a current source and the latter acts as a voltage source. A conventional power system in a small island is composed of only synchronous generators and protected from short circuit faults using an overcurrent relay (OCR). However, in the remote microgrid with IBRES, ESS, and synchronous generators, the fault current varies depending on the configuration of generation sources. Namely, the fixed OCR protection method cannot protect microgrids from short circuit faults. This paper proposes an adaptive protection method to protect the microgrid from faults by actively changing the OCR setting according to the state of the generator source combination. A microgrid with ESS and a synchronous generator is modeled and simulated through PSCAD/EMTDC software to validate the proposed adaptive protection method.

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“…Installation of distributed generation with different properties [10,11] • Changes to the equipment on protection or the setting value are not required.…”

Section: Proposed Protection Methods Claimed Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method for installing inverter-based distribution generation and synchronous generator-based distribution together has been proposed to supplement the fault current supply capability of the inverter [10,11]. This method has the advantage that protection devices or settings do not need to be changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Protection Coordination Method Design of Remote Microgrid for Three-Phase Short Circuit Fault

et al. 2021

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“…Since the objective of this paper is to determine the optimal place and size simultaneously, the objective function is defined as below OF = min x OF sizing + OF siting (31) where X is the vector including the optimisation variables (optimal place and size). The constraints of this objective function are presented in (12)- (17) and (28)- (30).…”

Section: Cost Of Dgs Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the sequence data in the system applying bidirectional relays can be helpful in order to identify the fault truly. The directional over‐current relay can be used in this study, which is considered the positive sequence and negative sequence currents in order to detect unbalanced and balanced fault [31].…”

Section: Modelling Optimal Sizing and Siting Components In Mgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal sizing and siting of smart microgrid components under high renewables penetration considering demand response

Hakimi¹,

Hasankhani²,

Shafie‐khah³

et al. 2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

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The purpose of this article is to determine the size and place of different components in microgrids (MGs) including renewable energy resources (RERs). Various factors like reliability, uncertainty of wind speed, solar irradiance, load and load growth are considered. The Ekbatan residential complex is studied as the pilot case study placed in Tehran, Iran. Ekbatan complex has three separate sets of buildings called phase 1, 2 and 3 considered as smart MGs. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved considering RERs uncertainties, improving reliability and power quality and minimizing power DCiab Cost of changing location ith DG from location (a) at (j-1)th year to location (b) at (j)th year LDGij Cost of lost energy ℎ. Required time for transporting ith DG EPj Price of buying energy at jth year from distribution grid. Rated power of ith DG Nbus Possible places for installation of DG NDG Number of DG types a Load growth rate LP0 Initial peak load LPj Peak load at jth year

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“…The technology used to connect the transmission grid and small scale microgrids consisted of DG resources has been studied in many countries . However, these research activities mainly focus on the control and protection of microgrids . Because more and more microgrids will be developed along with the continuous development of smart grid, it has become an inevitable trend that microgrids will compete with existing market participants in the electricity marketplace while achieving its own optimal operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimal purchase and sale power model considering microgrids

Lei

Yan

Peng³

et al. 2013

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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SUMMARYAn essential part of the smart grid development is to connect the main transmission grid with microgrids that consist of distributed generation resources. The integration of microgrids and the transmission grid not only can improve the reliability of the power system operation but also can increase the competition of the electricity market. The effective trading between microgrid agents and a distribution company (DisCo) is consistent with the direction of smart grid development. Developing effective strategy to optimally schedule energy trading between microgrid agents and the DisCo will bring benefits to all parties and promote further development of distributed clean energy. By analyzing the operation characteristics of the electricity market with the addition of microgrid agents as new market participants, this paper presents a bi-level optimization model that aims to maximize the benefits of microgrid agents and a DisCo while considering transmission loss factors from various generators, duality role of the microgrid agents who can either buy electricity from the wholesale market at volatile prices or sell electricity into the market or to its local consumers. The model presented in this paper jointly optimizes the energy schedules of the microgrid agents and the DisCo and determines the bid/offer price at which the microgrid agent buys and sells electricity from/to the DisCo. At last, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and application of the proposed twolevel optimization model.

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A Practical Protection Coordination Strategy Applied to Secondary and Facility Microgrids

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Adaptive Protection Coordination Method Design of Remote Microgrid for Three-Phase Short Circuit Fault

Adaptive Protection Coordination Method Design of Remote Microgrid for Three-Phase Short Circuit Fault

Optimal sizing and siting of smart microgrid components under high renewables penetration considering demand response

An optimal purchase and sale power model considering microgrids

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