A practical superconducting-microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer for beamline and laboratory science

Doriese, W. B.; Abbamonte, Peter; Alpert, Bradley K.; Bennett, Douglas A.; Denison, Edward V.; Fang, Yizhi; Fischer, Daniel A.; Fitzgerald, C. P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Gard, Johnathon D.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hilton, G. C.; Jaye, Cherno; McChesney, J. L.; Miaja‐Avila, Luis; Morgan, Kelsey M.; Joe, Young Il; O’Neil, Galen C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Rodolakis, Fanny; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Tatsuno, H.; Uhlig, Jens; Vale, Leila R.; Ullom, Joel N.; Swetz, Daniel S.

doi:10.1063/1.4983316

Cited by 123 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…A TES spectrometer otherwise similar to those described in Ref. [5], but with the array described here, has been installed at the NIST Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). An EBIT is a powerful tool for studying highly charged ions for applications related to fusion power, astrophysics and testing the frontiers of quantum electrodynamics [9].…”

Section: Low-energy Tail Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers

et al. 2019

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We use narrow spectral lines from the x-ray spectra of various highly charged ions to measure low-energy tail-like deviations from a Gaussian response function in a microcalorimter x-ray spectrometer with Au absorbers at energies from 650 eV to 3320 eV. We review the literature on low energy tails in other microcalorimter x-ray spectrometers and present a model that explains all the reviewed tail fraction measurements. In this model a low energy tail arises from the combination of electron escape and energy trapping associated with Bi x-ray absorbers.

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Section: Low-energy Tail Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers

et al. 2019

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“…For this reason, in previous NIST TES spectrometers the 50 K and 3 K snout shields enclosing these components are comprised of mu-metal 71 to attenuate Earth's magnetic field, typical background laboratory fields, and fringing fields from the ADR magnet (snout magnetic field shielding described further in Ref. 21). In addition, the 50 mK snout and filter enclosing the TES array and first stage SQUIDs are fabricated with Al, which goes superconducting during an ADR magnet cycle and provides additional magnetic field shielding 72 .…”

Section: External Magnetic Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-temperature x-ray microcalorimeters that com-arXiv:2005.05483v1 [physics.ins-det] 11 May 2020 bine high resolving power comparable to wavelength dispersive spectrometers with high broadband x-ray collection efficiency comparable to semiconductor based solidstate detectors are particularly well suited for measurements with an EBIT 20,21 . First, an EBIT's tunable energy electron beam is capable of exciting a wide range of charge states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such technology that is the basis for the new spectrometer at the NIST EBIT is the Transition-edge Sensor (TES 30,31 ). TES-based x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometers with 100s of pixels have been used for applications in xray astronomy 32,33 , beamline science 21,34,35 , and tabletop spectroscopy 36,37 , among other fields. TES microcalorimeters regularly achieve a resolving power of better than 1 part in a 1000 for x-rays in the few keV range 21,[38][39][40][41][42] and can measure the arrival time of an xray with ∼1 µs timing resolution 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap

Szypryt

O’Neil

Takács

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We report on the design, commissioning, and initial measurements of a Transition-edge Sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer for the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Over the past few decades, the NIST EBIT has produced numerous studies of highly charged ions in diverse fields such as atomic physics, plasma spectroscopy, and laboratory astrophysics. The newly commissioned NIST EBIT TES Spectrometer (NETS) improves the measurement capabilities of the EBIT through a combination of high x-ray collection efficiency and resolving power. NETS utilizes 192 individual TES x-ray microcalorimeters (166/192 yield) to improve upon the collection area by a factor of ∼30 over the 4-pixel neutron transmutation doped germanium-based microcalorimeter spectrometer previously used at the NIST EBIT. The NETS microcalorimeters are optimized for the x-ray energies from roughly 500 eV to 8,000 eV and achieve an energy resolution of 3.7 eV to 5.0 eV over this range, a more modest (< 2×) improvement over the previous microcalorimeters. Beyond this energy range NETS can operate with various trade-offs, the most significant of which are reduced efficiency at lower energies and being limited to a subset of the pixels at higher energies. As an initial demonstration of the capabilities of NETS, we measured transitions in He-like and H-like O, Ne, and Ar as well as Ni-like W. We detail the energy calibration and data analysis techniques used to transform detector counts into x-ray spectra, a process that will be the basis for analyzing future data.

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“…The superconducting microcalorimeters' Transition Edge Sensors (TES), recently developed at NIST [3], represent a real possibility to obtain few eV FWHM at 6 keV; however, these kinds of detectors still have some limitations: a very small active area, prohibitively high costs of the complex cryogenic system needed to reach the operational temperature of 50 mK, and a response function which is still not properly under control.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyrolitic Graphite Mosaic Crystal Thickness and Mosaicity Optimization for an Extended Source Von Hamos X-ray Spectrometer

et al. 2019

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Bragg spectroscopy, one of the best established experimental techniques for high energy resolution X-ray measurements, has always been limited to the measurement of photons produced from well collimated (tens of microns) or point-like sources; recently, the VOXES collaboration at INFN National Laboratories of Frascati developed a prototype of a high resolution and high precision X-ray spectrometer working also with extended isotropic sources. The realized spectrometer makes use of Highly Annealed Pyrolitic Graphite (HAPG) crystals in a "semi"-Von Hamos configuration, in which the position detector is rotated with respect to the standard Von Hamos one, to increase the dynamic energy range, and shows energy resolutions at the level of 0.1% for photon energies up to 10 keV and effective source sizes in the range 400-1200 µm in the dispersive plane. Such wide effective source dimensions are achieved using a double slit system to produce a virtual point-like source between the emitting target and the crystal. The spectrometer performances in terms of reflection efficiency and peak resolution depend on several parameters, among which a special role is played by the crystal mosaicity and thickness. In this work, we report the measurements of the Cu(K α1,2 ) and the Fe(K α1,2 ) lines performed with different mosaicity and thickness crystals in order to investigate the influence of the parameters on the peak resolution and on the reflection efficiency mentioned above.

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A practical superconducting-microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer for beamline and laboratory science

Cited by 123 publications

References 115 publications

On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers

On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers

A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap

Pyrolitic Graphite Mosaic Crystal Thickness and Mosaicity Optimization for an Extended Source Von Hamos X-ray Spectrometer

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