A preliminary evaluation of various chemical substances for the control of calyx-end russeting in Golden Delicious apples

Steenkamp, J.; Zyl, H.J. van; Westraad, Ina

doi:10.1080/00221589.1984.11515224

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fungicide efficacy studies by others have reported the negative impact of elemental sulphur on fruit quality by reducing colouration (Drake, 1984; Scherm & Savelle, 2001; Lan et al , 2003; Palmer et al , 2003) and increasing fruit russeting (Basak et al , 1983; Sanchez et al , 2001; Steenkamp et al , 1984). In contrast, other studies revealed that elemental sulphur can reduce russeting of apple cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, micronised sulphur programmes were best for reducing fruit russet of apple cv. Golden Delicious compared to eight other chemical programmes (Sanchez et al , 2001; Steenkamp et al , 1984). Although effects of fungicide programmes on peach fruit russeting were not observed in this study, results on two cultivars (Table 4) indicated that sulphur‐based fungicide programmes do not have a consistent, negative impact on red skin colouration, background colour or flesh firmness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronised and non‐micronised sulphur applications control peach scab equally well with negligible differences in fruit quality

Schnabel

Layne

Holb

2007

Annals of Applied Biology

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In a 2-year study, micronised (finely ground) and non-micronised sulphur spray programmes were investigated for peach scab control and influence on peach fruit quality variables including fruit colouration, soluble solids content and flesh firmness. Both sulphur programmes, applied six or 11 times at 15 kg ha 21 , controlled scab equally well in both years on cultivars (cvs) Contender and Cresthaven. Six applications of a half dosage of both micronised and nonmicronised sulphur programmes were significantly less effective (P < 0.05) compared with all other programmes when scab incidence was >90% on cv. Contender. None of the sulphur programmes influenced significantly (P < 0.05) colouration and flesh firmness of harvested fruits compared with the industry standard (a chlorothalonil-captan programme). Only soluble solids concentrations showed significant differences among fungicide programmes (P < 0.05), but these differences were not consistent with either particle sizes of sulphur fungicide or reduced application fungicide programmes. In conclusion, our study showed that (a) micronised sulphur did not control peach scab more effectively compared to non-micronised sulphur; (b) six applications of sulphur were sufficient to control peach scab when disease pressure was low to medium; and (c) neither six nor 11 applications of sulphur-based products applied at 15 kg ha 21 had commercially relevant negative impacts on important peach fruit quality variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronised and non‐micronised sulphur applications control peach scab equally well with negligible differences in fruit quality

Schnabel

Layne

Holb

2007

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Russet as rough and brown skin [17,28], often in stem [29] and calyx cavities [30], some cultivars with entire surface russeted [31], high susceptibility during early fruit development [12,29,[32][33][34] Moisture [35][36][37][38] or high humidity [17,35], damage by pesticides, growth regulators, surfactants and other substances [19,, frost [27,34], fungi [62][63][64][65][66], viruses [67][68][69], insects [70,71] Spray application of growth regulators [30,32,33,56,58,[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81], CaCl 2 [82], prohexadione-calcium [72], organic/mineral bio-stimulators [83], chlorogenic acid [...…”

Section: Applementioning

confidence: 99%

Russeting of Fruits: Etiology and Management

2022

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The skin of a fruit protects the vulnerable, nutrient-rich flesh and seed(s) within from the hostile environment. It is also responsible for the fruit’s appearance. In many fruitcrop species, russeting compromises fruit appearance and thus commercial value. Here, we review the literature on fruit russeting, focusing on the factors and mechanisms that induce it and on the management and breeding strategies that may reduce it. Compared with a primary fruit skin, which is usually distinctively colored and shiny, a secondary fruit skin is reddish-brown, dull and slightly rough to the touch (i.e., russeted). This secondary skin (periderm) comprises phellem cells with suberized cell walls, a phellogen and a phelloderm. Russeted (secondary) fruit skins have similar mechanical properties to non-russeted (primary) ones but are more plastic. However, russeted fruit skins are more permeable to water vapor, so russeted fruits suffer higher postharvest water loss, reduced shine, increased shrivel and reduced packed weight (most fruit is sold per kg). Orchard factors that induce russeting include expansion-growth-induced strain, surface wetness, mechanical damage, freezing temperatures, some pests and diseases and some agrochemicals. All these probably act via an increased incidence of cuticular microcracking as a result of local concentrations of mechanical stress. Microcracking impairs the cuticle’s barrier properties. Potential triggers of russeting (the development of a periderm), consequent on cuticular microcracking, include locally high concentrations of O2, lower concentrations of CO2 and more negative water potentials. Horticulturists sometimes spray gibberellins, cytokinins or boron to reduce russeting. Bagging fruit (to exclude surface moisture) is also reportedly effective. From a breeding perspective, genotypes having small and more uniform-sized epidermal cells are judged less likely to be susceptible to russeting.

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“…A causa primária de sua formação são fatores externos à planta que levam EFEITO DO CARBARYL SOBRE O 'RUSSETING' DA MAÇÃ à formação de fendas na cutícula que envolve o fruto, expondo as células que ficam logo abaixo desta camada. Sob condições de alta umidade relativa, aquelas células sofrem danos, e a conseqüente reação protetora da planta é isolar as áreas danificadas através da formação deste tecido de cortiça (Tukey, 1969;Steenkamp et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito Do Carbaryl Sobre O 'Russeting' Da Maçã (Malus Domestica Borkh.), Cultivares 'Gala', 'Fuji' E 'Golden Delicious'

Camilo

Denardi

2001

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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O "russeting" da maçã caracteriza-se por uma camada de cortiça formada entre as células da epiderme e que dá um aspecto de rugosidade à superfície do fruto, depreciando-o para a comercialização. O raleio de frutos é uma prática cultural bastante difundida entre os produtores de maçã. Pode ser efetuada manualmente, quimicamente ou pela associação de ambos. Dentre os produtos mais usados para raleio químico, estão o ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) e o carbaryl, um inseticida carbamato, conhecido comercialmente como Sevinâ. Há duas formulações de carbaryl no mercado brasileiro, mas não existem dados de pesquisa suficientes que permitam escolher a formulação mais adequada. Há citações de que o carbaryl pode causar "russeting" em maçãs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar as duas formulações de carbaryl existentes no mercado, quanto ao seu efeito sobre o "russeting" nas maçãs. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Fraiburgo e em Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram avaliadas duas concentrações, 500 ppm e 1.500 ppm de carbaryl. Foram testadas duas formulações, uma em pó-molhável com 85% de i.a. e outra em suspensão concentrada com 48% de i.a. Como a incidência de "russeting" varia entre cultivares, testou-se em 'Gala', 'Fuji' e 'Golden Delicious', que são as três mais importantes no mercado brasileiro. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) A ocorrência de "russeting" para as três cultivares foi maior em Fraiburgo do que em Caçador; 2) O carbaryl, na formulação solução concentrada, causou mais "russeting" em 'Golden Delicious', em Caçador, indicando que o seu uso deve ser evitado para essa cultivar, dando-se preferência à formulação pó-molhável; 3)Tanto a formulação quanto a concentração de carbaryl não afetaram a incidência de "russeting" nas cultivares 'Gala' e 'Fuji' nos dois locais.

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A preliminary evaluation of various chemical substances for the control of calyx-end russeting in Golden Delicious apples

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Micronised and non‐micronised sulphur applications control peach scab equally well with negligible differences in fruit quality

Micronised and non‐micronised sulphur applications control peach scab equally well with negligible differences in fruit quality

Russeting of Fruits: Etiology and Management

Efeito Do Carbaryl Sobre O 'Russeting' Da Maçã (Malus Domestica Borkh.), Cultivares 'Gala', 'Fuji' E 'Golden Delicious'

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