A Preliminary Research on Skull Healing Utilizing Short Pulsed Radar Technique on Layered Cranial Surgery Phantom Models

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a novel approach of sensing the defect response after craniotomy on cranial surgery phantom models utilizing a short pulsed radar technique. The proposed antenna has demonstrated that the short pulse can be radiated without antenna's own distortion, which is a desirable characteristic for sensing defect response. The layered microwave head phantom has been developed for the purpose of emulating the healing stages of cranial surgery after craniotomy. The fabricated phantom has been validated with reference values reported in literature. The longitudinal scan has been performed for various skull thicknesses as a preliminary study. The one-dimensional pulsed profile has been obtained to achieve the pulse compression so that the defect response can be highlighted. The results obtained in this paper have the potential that the microwave based technique can be utilized for monitoring the healing stages for the future work.

Wrapped ultra‐wide band radar sensor based on resistively loaded bow‐tie antenna for near zone sensing applications

“…Here, the two copper targets with a radius of 2 cm where located at 15 and 20 cm distances from the antenna are considered. The proposed WRLBA is driven by up‐chirp pulse which can be expressed as follows: …”

“…In this regard, the impulse radar characterized by UWB pulse has widely utilized for near zone sensing applications. The applications in the vicinity of the targets can be included for not only medical applications, such as imaging of the breast tumor, imaging of the bleeding area for stroke, and assessment of bone mineral density, but also industrial applications such as ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), through‐wall penetrating radar, and foliage‐penetrating radar (FPR) …”

“…The resistive antennas can produce a pulse with reduced tail ringing at the expense of the low radiation efficiency. Owing to this, a planar type of resistive antennas was widely developed for near zone sensing applications up to date . In this article, we have explored the pulse radiating and imaging performances of the wrapped resistively loaded bow‐tie antenna (WRLBA).…”

“…In this regard, the impulse radar characterized by UWB pulse has widely utilized for near zone sensing applications. The applications in the vicinity of the targets can be included for not only medical applications, such as imaging of the breast tumor, [2][3][4][5] imaging of the bleeding area for stroke, [6][7][8] and assessment of bone mineral density, [9][10][11] but also industrial applications such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), [12][13][14][15] through-wall penetrating radar, 16,17 and foliage-penetrating radar (FPR). 18,19 For near zone sensing applications, the proposed antenna should radiate a short pulse with less distorted waveform to receive a clear echo pulse reflected by the target.…”

“…Owing to this, a planar type of resistive antennas was widely developed for near zone sensing applications up to date. [9][10][11] In this article, we have explored the pulse radiating and imaging performances of the wrapped resistively loaded bow-tie antenna (WRLBA). This will be highly used in the area of the array measurement, where more than one antenna element are used in a given space, as an aperture size is dramatically reduced by wrapping the resistively loaded planar bow-tie antenna (RLPBA).…”