A Preliminary Study of Acceptable Load Carriage for Primary School Children

Shasmin, Hanie Nadia; Osman, Noor Azuan Abu; Razali, R.; Usman, Juliana; Abas, Wan Abu Bakar Wan

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68017-8_44

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Average height, mass and BMI were typical of 7-year-old children. The shift of center of gravity while the subjects were encumbered with a schoolbag was tested, and the anterior shift concurs with the results of many other studies [30,31,32,33] which measured the anterior shift of the torso in a standing position or during bipedal locomotion. Since the anterior shift of center of gravity while under a load in the form of a schoolbag is a well-known fact, the primary goal of this study was to measure the extent of the shift.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Influence of the Schoolbag on Standing Posture of First-Year Elementary School Students

Jurak

Rađenović

Bolčević

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the mass of a schoolbag on standing posture in first-year elementary school children. First-year elementary school students (n = 76) participated in this study. The data was digitized and analyzed using SkillSpector and Kinovea. Results have shown a change of Center of Gravity (COG) position in all three anatomical planes (p < 0.01), as well as a change in two out of three measured postural angles—craniovertebral (p < 0.01) and craniocervical (p < 0.01) angle. The most important aspect of changed posture, anterior shift of COG, was measured to be 2.4 cm and was in moderate negative correlation with student body mass (−0.4, p < 0.01) and height (−0.4, p < 0.01) when students were encumbered with a schoolbag weighing 16.11% of their body mass, on the average. Also, this study confirms that when encumbered, students’ head posture shifts to a more protracted position.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Influence of the Schoolbag on Standing Posture of First-Year Elementary School Students

Jurak

Rađenović

Bolčević

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Trunk forward lean is defined as the angle between a vertical line and a line created by connecting points at the greater trochanter and the acromion process (Goh et al, 1998). There are articles that have reported on the effects of carrying backpack loads on trunk inclination in adults (Goh et al, 1998;Knapik et al, 1996;Al-Khabbaz et al, 2008;Bloom and Woodhull-McNeal, 1987) and children (Garciaguirre et al, 2007;Rahman et al, 2009;Hong and Brueggemann, 2000;Hong and Cheung, 2003;Li and Hong, 2001;Shasmin et al, 2007;Pascoe et al, 1997). However, studies on the effects of carrying backpack load on adults have been done while walking (Goh et al, 1998) and also while standing (Al-Khabbaz et al, 2008;Bloom and Woodhull-McNeal, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the 20% load condition induced a significant increase in trunk forward lean, decreased trunk movement range and increased respiratory frequency. Shasmin et al (2007) conducted a study on trunk inclination among primary students aged between 9 and 11 years old when carrying backpack loads of 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of their body weight. A significant increase in trunk forward lean was observed at a load of 15% of body weight, which suggested that the safe load carriage for children under 12 years old cannot exceed 15% of body weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomechanical model via Kane’s equation – solving trunk motion with load carriage

AbdulRahman

Rambely²

2011

AJSIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carrying a heavy backpack has become a phenomenon among school children and adults. A review of the literature on the effect of carrying backpack loads on the trunk backward and forward lean in children and adults showed that with a load of even less than 15% of body weight, children have to walk with a forward lean of the trunk, whereas adults are in a forward lean position only with a backpack loads of more than 27% of their body weight. Due to these biomechanical studies, a mathematical model of the upper body representing trunk and head inclination angles is developed in this paper. The model was a two-link planar of rigid bodies in two-dimensional space. The objectives of this study were to investigate the motion of the trunk and also to develop the mathematical model so that the joint forces and moments acting on the body can be determined. The equations of motion for this model were written based on Kane's dynamical equation of motion.

show abstract

“…Some countries are coming up with variety of ways on how to overcome this issue such as electronic based learning where students are provided with tablets or laptops and they only need to carry the laptops or tablets to school instead of the heavy school books or by making their study materials available online which will then reduce the burden of carrying heavy textbooks to school. Contrary, in Malaysia, the risk factors of carrying heavy schoolbag faced by school students are currently an overlooked issue as Malaysians are not well exposed on the ergonomics awareness where there are merely few studies and reports done in Malaysia regarding this issue [1,2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Relationship Between Carrying Schoolbags and The Prevalence of Neck and Back Pain Among 7 – 9 Year Old Students

Kabilmiharbi

Santhirasegaram

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. There is a growing concern these days that children are carrying way too much weight on their backs. School students are at risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorder or possibly long term back pain due to the frequent exposure of carrying heavy schoolbags. In Malaysia, this problem is currently an overlooked issue as not many are aware of the importance of maximum allowable load that should be carried by school students together with proper posture and how all these will affect the children in the future. An interview was conducted based on 90 school students of age 7 to 9 year old regarding the body part discomfort that they experience while carrying the schoolbag. Furthermore, the weight of the schoolbag and the student's height and weight was taken for this study. The responses were classified based on age and gender as the anthropometry differs on ages and gender. A statistical analysis is carried out with the results obtained. The finding of the statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of neck and back pain does exist among 7-9 year old school students and almost 90 of them are affected. Among the main problems are that the schoolbag design, the incorrect ways of carrying the schoolbag, the excessive weight of the schoolbag and the prolonged duration of constantly carrying the schoolbag. Necessary action should be taken to overcome these problems.

show abstract

A Preliminary Study of Acceptable Load Carriage for Primary School Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

The Influence of the Schoolbag on Standing Posture of First-Year Elementary School Students

The Influence of the Schoolbag on Standing Posture of First-Year Elementary School Students

A biomechanical model via Kane’s equation – solving trunk motion with load carriage

A Study on Relationship Between Carrying Schoolbags and The Prevalence of Neck and Back Pain Among 7 – 9 Year Old Students

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About