A Preliminary Study of Tumor Microenvironment Interleukin-4 as Promoter in Immune Escape Event in Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Introduction : This study aims to investigate the relationship between IL-4 expression with Apoptosis-associated gene receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the microenvironment of prostate cancer tissue.Methods : The samples were collected from single-center hospital in a period from 2014 to 2020. Deparaffinize formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and RNAs extraction by manufacturer’s protocol with slight modification was performed. The RNAs expressions were investigated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then we categorize them into 4 groups. The ANOVA test is used to compare mean expression between groups and followed by a correlation test using Pearson test.Result : In the BPH group sample, CTLA-4 had the highest expression level, followed by the expression of IL-4, PD-L2, then PD-1 and PD-L1. The concentration of IL-4 in prostate cancer, both metastatic and non-metastatic, is higher than in BPH, with a p-value of 0.006. the correlation between IL-4 and PD-L1 is the strongest (r=0.919), between IL-4 and PD-L2 comes the second (0.832) and between PD-1 is comes the third (r=0.626).Conclusion : In this study, we find that the expression of IL-4 and Apoptosis-Associated Gene Receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the prostate cancer tissue microenvironment have a significant relationship. In conclusion, it is possible that IL-4 is a promoter of the Immune Escape mechanism in prostate cancer.