A probable association between HTLV-1 and endemic mycosis in Latin America

Leon, Mey; Alave, Jorge; Bustamante, Beatriz; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Seas, Carlos

doi:10.3855/jidc.2305

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mortality of PDH can be as high as 85% in untreated patients, and 25% despite a standard "adequate" therapeutic regimen. Severe gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in Peru (97), spinal cord histoplasmoma (98) brain granulomas and lymphoma associated with several other opportunistic infections (99) have been reported in HTLV-1 co-infected individuals, but no conclusive evidence of an association between HTLV-1 and histoplasmosis outcome was provided (100).…”

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a suggestion that HTLV-1 infection may favorably modulate the impact on S mansoni but this needs to be substantiated. Whilst it is plausible that HTLV-1 infection may impact the course of the many mycotic infections that co-exist in HTLV-1 endemic areas the need for better studies to determine the epidemiological and biological associations between HTLV-1 and infections such as histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis is clear (100).…”

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

Rosadas

Taylor

2022

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes lifelong T-cell infection in humans, impacting the host immune response. This virus causes a range of clinical manifestations, from inflammatory conditions, including neuronal damage (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, HAM) to life-threatening leukemia (adult T-cell leukemia, ATL). Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 is also associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but the mechanisms remain unclear. As a blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection (STI), HTLV-1 shares transmission routes to many other pathogens and although it has worldwide distribution, it affects mainly those in low- and middle-income tropical areas, where the prevalence of other infectious agents is high. These factors contribute to a high incidence of co-infections in people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV). This comprehensive review addresses the impact of HTLV-1 on several co-infections and vice-versa. There is evidence of higher rates of HTLV-1 infection in association with other blood borne (HCV, HBV) and sexually transmitted (Syphilis, Chlamydia, HPV, HSV) infections but whether this represents increased susceptibility or opportunity is unclear. Higher frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) and Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) is observed in PLHTLV. Reports of opportunistic infections and high frequency of crusted scabies in patients with HTLV-1 points to immune impairment in those individuals. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 may influence the persistence of pathogens, exemplified by the higher rates of Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis (St. stercoralis) treatment failure observed in PLHTLV. This retrovirus is also associated with increased tuberculosis (TB) severity with some evidence pointing to a deleterious impact on leprosy outcome as well. These findings are supported by immune alterations observed in those co-infected individuals. Although the role of HTLV-1 in HCV outcome is debatable, most data indicate that HTLV may negatively impact the clinical course of hepatitis C. Co-infections may also influence the risk of developing HTLV-1 associated disease, but data are still limited. The impact of HTLV-1 on the response to more common infections, might contribute to the increased mortality rate of HTLV-1. Large scale prospective controlled studies on the prevalence and impact of HTLV-1 in co-infections and vice-versa are needed. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 impact in public health is broad. Measures to increase awareness and to prevent new infections are needed.

show abstract

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%