A profile cone penetrometer for mapping soil horizons

Rooney, D. J.; Lowery, B.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2000.6462136x

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently new electronic penetrometers have been designed, in order to map also other soil characteristics such as soil texture, moisture, bulk electric conductivity and even real time subsurface imagery (Rooney and Lowery, 2000;Drummond et al, 2000). These advanced electronic penetrometers with a built-in GPS, used together with a GIS and geostatistical methods, could allow an easy and efficient real time mapping of soil characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The traffic of agricultural machines can cause soil compaction and high variability of soil structure, both along normal lines and along those parallel to the field plane. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of an electronic penetrometer, a GPS, a GIS and geostatistical techniques for mapping soil compaction.In July 2003 soil cone penetrometer resistance was measured using a semi-automatic electronic penetrometer in a sandy-silt soil (Vertic Xerochrept) of inland Sicily where a three-year rotation wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)-wheat-tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was practiced. The measurements were carried out along three parallel 3-m long transects, from the soil surface to a depth of 0.70 m.A multivariate geostatistical approach, including exploratory analysis, variography, stochastic simulation and post-processing of simulations, was applied to produce thematic maps of penetrometer resistance and probability exceeding a critical value, in correspondence of a different number of tractor passes. Penetrometer resistance variation resulted erratic at the surface but showed high spatial correlation between data measured at different depths. The probabilistic maps of compaction risk showed that the soil volume, exceeding the penetrometer resistance of 2.5 MPa, critical for root growth, at the probability level of p N 0.40 increased from 20% to 40% after five tractor passes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This result is relevant because cone penetrometer measurements are highly correlated with the morphological regions of soil horizons. Rooney and Lowery (2000) showed that it is possible to infer the areas of clay accumulation in Bt horizons with mechanical resistance measurements. Therefore, given the sensitivity of the designed penetrometer, it could also be used to detect changes in mechanical resistance due to changes in the morphological horizons of the soil profile, thereby generating additional information from the soil.…”

Section: Bench Test With An Andosol Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Un Penetrómetro Dinámico Para Evaluar La Resistencia Mecánica en Suelos Forestales

García

Gómez-Guerrero

Velázquez-Martínez

et al. 2011

Rchscfa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMENSe diseñó un penetrómetro cónico de impacto para evaluar la resistencia mecánica de los suelos forestales. El equipo diseñado es ligero ya que sólo pesa 4.1 kg, preciso porque se validó en campo y laboratorio, portátil porque desensamblado se puede cargar en el chaleco de un operador de campo, y práctico porque la capacitación para su uso es sencilla y es adecuado para trabajos de inventarios forestales y de suelo. Los resultados mostraron que el uso del prototipo es viable en diferentes ecosistemas, ya que detectó el perfil de resistencia mecánica del suelo superficial en bosque de pino, bosque de encino y vegetación de matorral. En laboratorio se prepararon muestras de diferente densidad aparente y contenido de humedad para probar la sensibilidad del penetrómetro. El equipo diseñado es sensible a los cambios de resistencia mecánica a densidades bajas (0.6-1.0 Mg·m-3), que son comunes en los suelos forestales y cambios de humedad del suelo (5-25 %). Con la validación del protocolo se encontró que una serie de 10 impactos genera un dato confiable sobre la resistencia mecánica del suelo superficial. ABSTRACTA dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) was designed for measuring soil penetration resistance in forest soils. The designed DCP is lightweight as it weighs only 4.1 kg, accurate because it was validated in field and laboratory testing, portable because disassembled it fits into a cruising vest, and practical because it is very easy to use. It is suitable for forest and soil inventory work. Test results showed that use of the designed prototype is practical in different ecosystems, as it was used to detect the mechanical resistance profile of surface soil in pine and oak forests and shrubland. Soil samples with different bulk density and moisture content were prepared in the laboratory to test the sensitivity of the penetrometer. The designed DCP is sensitive to changes in soil penetration resistance at low bulk densities (0.6-1.0 Mg·m-3 ), which are common in forest soils, and changes in soil moisture (5-25 %). With the validation protocol for its use, it was found that ten successive blows are enough to generate reliable data on the mechanical resistance of the surface soil. PALABRAS CLAVE:Resistencia mecánica, penetrómetro dinámico, física de suelos, densidad aparente, suelos forestales.

show abstract

“…Soil cone index (CI) measurements are widely used to assess SR at field and lab conditions as well (Rooney and Lowery, 2000). Periodic monitoring of the soil compaction status of agricultural fields through CI is an effective way to assess the effects of different management systems and cultural practices on soil structure and root growth and development (Tavares Filho and Ribon, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Sample Size of Soil Cone Index Profiles by Bootstrapping

Alesso

Masola

Carrizo

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurements of the soil cone index are widely used to assess soil resistance to root penetration (SR) and to monitor the soil compaction status of agricultural fields. However, soil sampling for SR estimation is a rather challenging task in view of the high spatial and temporal variability of the soil. This study proposed a bootstrapping method to determine the minimum sample size required to estimate the vertical profile of mean soil cone index (CI) values at different levels of precision and confidence. For this purpose, CI data from a Typic Argiudoll under no-tillage before and after chiseling was used. A total of 151 CI profiles were recorded before and after chiseling in a 3,200 m 2 (40 × 80 m) no-tillage area at sampling points distributed on a horizontal 5 × 5 m aligned grid and from the top layer to 0.40 m depth by in 0.02 m intervals. A modified bootstrap routine was developed to estimate the sampling distribution of the sample mean and medians of CI values per layer. The minimum sample size to estimate the vertical profile of mean CI values at different levels of precision and confidence was determined from data of the whole soil profile, including the autocorrelation of CI readings in the vertical direction. Tilling increased the variability of this measurement and thus the sampling efforts to achieve the same level of precision and confidence were different before and after the procedure. The standard errors of sample medians estimated by bootstrapping were higher than those corresponding to sample means. In addition, to achieve the same level of precision and confidence, the estimation of the vertical profile of mean CI values based on sample medians required more observations than based on sample means. This study shows that the viability of the bootstrap approach to determine the implications of soil variability on the sampling efforts required for an accurate estimation of the vertical distribution of resistance in soils under different managements.

show abstract

A profile cone penetrometer for mapping soil horizons

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

Mapping of penetrometer resistance in relation to tractor traffic using multivariate geostatistics

Un Penetrómetro Dinámico Para Evaluar La Resistencia Mecánica en Suelos Forestales

Estimating Sample Size of Soil Cone Index Profiles by Bootstrapping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About