A Programmable-Metasurface-Based TDMA Fast Beam Switching Communication System at 28 GHz

Li, Yueheng; Eisenbeis, Joerg; Wan, Xiang; Bettinga, Sven; Long, Xueyun; Alabd, Mohamad Basim; Kowalewski, Jerzy; Cui, Tiejun; Zwick, Thomas

doi:10.1109/lawp.2021.3059322

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The planner array theory can demonstrate the RCS reduction principle in Equations and . So that, θ and φ shows the angles of elevation, and azimuth for the arbitrary direction of scattering, respectively, and φ ( m , n ) shows the initial phase of the lattice (Cao et al., 2020; Ee & Agarwal, 2019; Li, Eisenbeis, et al., 2021; Sun et al., 2021; Wan et al., 2016, 2021).

\text{AF}(\theta ,\varphi )=\sum\limits _{m=1}^{M}\sum\limits _{n=1}^{N}{e}^{[j(m-1)(kd\,\sin \,\theta \,\cos \,\varphi )+j(n-1)(kd\,\sin \,\theta \,\sin \,\varphi )+j\phi (m,n)]}

10\log \left(\vert {E}_{\text{total}-\text{reflected}}{\vert }^{2}/\vert {E}_{\text{PEC}}{\vert }^{2}\right)\le -10\text{dB}

…”

Section: Theory and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to conventional bulky metamaterials, low fabrication cost is largely due to the fact that it often comprises of several patterned pieces on a single layer (Alibakhshi‐Kenari et al., 2016; Alibakhshikenari et al., 2017, Alibakhshikenari, Virdee, Ali, et al., 2018; Alibakhshikenari, Virdee, See, et al., 2018). The last decade has been dominated by digital coding and programmable metasurfaces, which connect the physical and digital worlds, has been proposed and developed (Alibakhshi Kenari, 2013; Alibakhshi‐Kenari & Naser‐Moghadasi, 2015; Ee & Agarwal, 2019; Kenari, 2014; Li, Eisenbeis, et al., 2021). The feature of a metasurface can be expressed as a series of binary codes by encoding various meta‐atom states (Shirmanesh et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These metasurfaces have the ability to change the coding sequences in an array in a flexible manner. This is accomplished by regulating the active elements with field programmable gate arrays via external bias lines (Li, Bettinga, et al., 2021; Li, Eisenbeis, et al., 2021). Coding metamaterials, also known as digital metamaterials, are a type of programmable metamaterial that discretizes the number of states of a unit cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Saleem,

Irfan,

Alanazi

et al. 2023

Radio Science

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In this paper, a 2‐bit water‐based programmable digital metasurface for beam steering and backscatter field reduction applications is presented, a reflective and transmissive type water based programmable metasurface (WPMS) for RCS reduction and the antenna's beam steering is suggested, respectively. It has been demonstrated that a 2‐bit water‐based programmable unit cell can reduce RCS by changing its state (0/1). If the unit cell channel is empty, the state is “0,” if the channel is filled, the state is “1.” So at different resonance frequencies, the four phase and reflection coefficient responses are achieved as "00"01"10"11". This functionality enables beam steering in both the elevation and azimuth axis and also backscattering reduction of the antenna. Furthermore, the impacts of the number of unit cells and reflection phase states on the far‐field pattern are examined. Beam steering of ±45° in the elevation is attained with 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 4.25–4.40 GHz, radiation gain of more than 7.1 dBi is maintained. With the present antenna, it is possible to achieve volumetric beamsteering performance directly. The patterns of far‐field radiation that are predicted theoretically coincide well with full waves simulations. As such, the proposed prototype can be a good option for applications that require a low RCS platform including beam steering in radars, 5G/6G, etc.

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\text{AF}(\theta ,\varphi )=\sum\limits _{m=1}^{M}\sum\limits _{n=1}^{N}{e}^{[j(m-1)(kd\,\sin \,\theta \,\cos \,\varphi )+j(n-1)(kd\,\sin \,\theta \,\sin \,\varphi )+j\phi (m,n)]}

10\log \left(\vert {E}_{\text{total}-\text{reflected}}{\vert }^{2}/\vert {E}_{\text{PEC}}{\vert }^{2}\right)\le -10\text{dB}

…”

Section: Theory and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Saleem,

Irfan,

Alanazi

et al. 2023

Radio Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The functions of steerable sum and difference beams were realized. In addition, the beemsteering performance was analyzed in [54]- [57], which can achieve precise tracking with an angle mismatch of 0.5 • -2.5 • and minimizes the beam training overhead through flexible beam refinement.…”

Section: Ris Channel Measurements and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Channel Characterization and Modeling

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are two dimensional (2D) metasurfaces which can intelligently manipulate electromagnetic waves by low-cost near passive reflecting elements. RIS is viewed as a potential key technology for the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems mainly due to its advantages in tuning wireless signals, thus smartly controlling propagation environments. In this paper, we aim at addressing channel characterization and modeling issues of RISassisted wireless communication systems. At first, the concept, principle, and potential applications of RIS are given. An overview of RIS based channel measurements and experiments is presented by classifying frequency bands, scenarios, system configurations, RIS constructions, experiment purposes, and channel observations. Then, RIS based channel characteristics are studied, including reflection and transmission, Doppler effect and multipath fading mitigation, channel reciprocity, channel hardening, rank improvement, far field and near field, etc. RIS based channel modeling works are investigated, including largescale path loss models and small-scale multipath fading models. At last, future research directions related to RIS-assisted channels are also discussed.Index Terms-6G wireless communications, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), channel measurements, channel characteristics, channel modeling.

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“…Massive researches about DPMs have emerged, such as computational imaging [19][20][21][22][23] and metasurface-based signal modulation and transmission. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Technically, DPMs are directly driven by digital signals and possess the characteristics of software and informatization, and hence are perfect platforms for combining the metasurfaces with electronic information systems. However, the intelligent level of DPMs is still limited, because the presented DPMs cannot simultaneously conduct internal decisions and exchange information with the external world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Radar and Communication Empowered by Digital Programmable Metasurface

Wan

Huang

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Intelligent Systems

Self Cite

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Digital programmable metasurfaces (DPMs) can dynamically modulate electromagnetic waves in space, time, and frequency domains with powerful capabilities. In contrast, joint radar and communication (JRC) is an important avenue to use the electromagnetic waves universally and intelligently. Hence, combining DPM and JRC may produce a promising way to achieve universal and intelligent electromagnetic terminals. Herein, a mechanism of extremely flexible JRC based on DPM is proposed, in which DPM can improve the flexibility of JRC in processing multidimensional information, and JRC endows DPM with the capabilities of perception, expression, and cognition to promote its intelligent level. Three kinds of functions are explored to interpret the mechanism. First, encryption and decryption of wireless secure communications are realized through DPM; second, range profile imaging is accomplished by using DPM‐based biphase‐coded signals; and third, wireless communication and radar detection are simultaneously presented using DPM. The combination of DPM and JRC greatly decreases the complexity of signal processing and simplifies the architecture of the JRC system, and promotes the intelligent level of DPM.

show abstract

A Programmable-Metasurface-Based TDMA Fast Beam Switching Communication System at 28 GHz

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

2–Bit Programmable Metasurface for Low Radar Cross Section Antenna and Beam Steering Applications

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Channel Characterization and Modeling

Joint Radar and Communication Empowered by Digital Programmable Metasurface

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