A promising research direction for colorectal cancer immunotherapy: The regulatory mechanism of CCL5 in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments for CRC patients. In recent years, there has been some success in the immunotherapy of tumors, and immunotherapy has been used in many solid tumors including CRC. To date, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for CRC is limited, so more effective immunotherapy methods need to be explored. In patients with CRC, the CC chemokine CCL5 plays a role in the development of CRC and the recruitment and activation of immune cells, suggesting that it has potential for immunotherapy. This review mainly introduces the latest advances in the study of CCL5 acting as a marker of CRC and related mechanisms of immunotherapy, as well as the latest understanding of how CCL5 is involved in the invasion and development of CRC.

A Subset of Colon Cancer Cell Lines Displays a Cytokine Profile Linked to Angiogenesis, EMT and Invasion Which Is Modulated by the Culture Conditions In Vitro

“…High secretion of IL-1Rα induces EMT and cell proliferation. CCL2 and CCL3 influence monocyte recruitment and production of MMP9, thus promoting tumor invasion and metastasis [35][36][37]. The translational relevance of this finding was proven by Chun et al, who described how the antibody-mediated neutralization or inhibition of CCL2 can prevent the myeloid cell recruitment mediated by CCL2 and arrest cancer progression [38].…”