A Proposal for the Inclusion of Accessibility Criteria in the Publishing Workflow of Images in Biomedical Academic Articles

Splendiani, Bruno; Ribera, Mireia

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.250

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In bitmap images, quality is the result of le format, type and level of compression, as we have seen, but also of pixel size, resolution and bit depth [23]. In the context of this article it is important for source images to have a size big enough to be zoomed x2 without losing clarity, this is without pixelation or blurring.…”

Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Regarding the use of textual alternatives, though not oriented speci cally to charts, but to a broader set of image types, the work of Splendiani [23] focuses on how to textually describe non-text content for scienti c articles. Previously, the analysis of computer science journals conducted by Splendiani and Ribera [24] had already shown a de cit in the use of text alternatives, safe colour combinations on the marks of the charts, an insu cient font size, or the use of images with a minimum resolution and dimensions.…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a textual alternative is not provided users with low vision that rely on a screen reader as a complement to other assistive technologies will not be able to access the information contained in the chart [10,[16][17]23].…”

Section: Exploratory Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors emphasize the importance of captions to understand a graphic [44,[49][50], as it offers a synthesis of the most important aspects displayed in the chart, and its principal conclusions [45]. Splendiani [23] collected some recommended information to include in captions derived from style guides and scienti c editorials, which for statistical charts consist of: identifying and explaining labels, abbreviations, data sources, usage rights and units and describing details of statistical analysis (standard deviation, p value, etc. ).…”

Section: Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information Titles [19,42], axes [19,42], scale and legends [42], labels [42], captions [44-45, 47, 50], abbreviations [23], details of the statistical analysis [23], data source [23], data table [19], short text alternative [55], long descriptions [39,51], summary or abstract of the chart [56][57] Presentation font family [60,62,66], ush left [5,63], letter spacing (tracking) and word spacing [64][65][66], not include a lot of italics, small caps or capital letters [5], font size [60], line width [5], syllabi cation [5], space following elements [5], zoom [5], customization [5], safe colors [72,[74][75][76][77][78], image quality [23], print version [5] Behavior Tooltips [79][80], soni cation [80,[83][84][85][86] All the...…”

Section: Descriptive Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodology for heuristic evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision and color vision deficiency

Martínez

Ribera

Saltiveri

2021

Preprint

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Purpose: Statistical charts have an important role in conveying, clarifying and simplifying information, and have a significant presence in fields such as education, scientific research or journalism. Despite numerous advances in the field of digital accessibility, charts are still a challenge for people with low vision and color vision deficiency (CVD) and create barriers that hinder their accessibility. The research presented in this paper aim is to create a heuristic set of indicators to evaluate the accessibility of statistical charts focusing on the needs of people with low vision and CVD. Methods: The set of heuristics presented has been developed based on the methodology by Quiñones et al. (2018), which consists of 8 stages: (1) a state of the art literature review; (2 and 3) analysis and description of the most relevant information obtained from this research; (4, 5, and 6) selection and specification of a first set of heuristics relating them to existing heuristics; (7) validation; and (8) refining the set to obtain a final list of heuristics. Results: A first set of heuristics (17 indicators) has been developed and applied on two heuristic evaluations, and has been amplified to 18 indicators. The final set covers the needs of the user profiles with low vision as well as the needs of the CVD and poor contrast sensitivity users. Conclusion: this research is a first step to widen accessibility requirements to statistical charts and to take into consideration users with low vision and CVD, often forgotten in accessibility research.

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Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploratory Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptive Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodology for heuristic evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision and color vision deficiency

Martínez

Ribera

Saltiveri

2021

Preprint

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Accessible charts are part of the equation of accessible papers: a heuristic evaluation of the highest impact LIS journals

Martínez

Ribera

Marcelino

et al. 2021

LHT

Self Cite

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PurposeStatistical charts are an essential source of information in academic papers. Charts have an important role in conveying, clarifying and simplifying the research results provided by the authors, but they present some accessibility barriers for people with low vision. This article aims to evaluate the accessibility of the statistical charts published in the library and information science (LIS) journals with the greatest impact factor.Design/methodology/approachA list of heuristic indicators developed by the authors has been used to assess the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision. The heuristics have been applied to a sample of charts from 2019 issues of ten LIS journals with the highest impact factor according to the ranking of the JCR.FindingsThe current practices of image submission do not follow the basic recommended guidelines on accessibility like color contrast or the use of textual alternatives. On the other hand, some incongruities between the technical suggestions of image submission and their application in analyzed charts also emerged. The main problems identified are: poor text alternatives, insufficient contrast ratio between adjacent colors and the inexistence of customization options. Authoring tools do not help authors to fulfill these requirements.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is not very extensive; nonetheless, it is representative of common practices and the most frequent accessibility problems in this context.Social implicationsThe heuristics proposed are a good starting point to generate guidelines for authors when preparing their papers for publication and to guide journal publishers in creating accessible documents. Low-vision users, a highly prevalent condition, will benefit from the improvements.Originality/valueThe results of this research provide key insights into low-vision accessibility barriers, not considered in previous literature and can be a starting point for their solution.

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Digital Image Representation Model Enriched with Semantic Web Technologies: Visual and Non-Visual Information

Roa-Martínez,

Coneglian,

Vidotti

2023

Rev. Fac. Ing.

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The types of content of digital images, visual (syntactic and semantic) and non-visual, cause the complexity of their representation. Considering these contents separately hinders digital image retrieval because this creates a gap between the contents of the image and its representation. Therefore, this work aims to present a representation model of visual and non-visual information of digital images, with semantic enrichment through the Semantic Web technologies. For that, a qualitative methodology with a bibliographical approach was used. Theoretical subsidies of the topics addressed were sought, and it has an applied focus since it proposes a model and its exemplification. The developed model depicts the representation image process and allows the semantic enrichment of the data. This enrichment facilitates the retrieval in multiple contexts with technologies that favor the use of the data through inferences. Also, a use case with digital medical images is presented, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposal. It is concluded that the representation of visual and non-visual content aims to improve the way images are retrieved in digital information environments. The junction of the content and the context of images should be considered, even though search mechanisms usually treat this separately due to the disaggregation of image representation itself.

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A Proposal for the Inclusion of Accessibility Criteria in the Publishing Workflow of Images in Biomedical Academic Articles

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Methodology for heuristic evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision and color vision deficiency

Methodology for heuristic evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision and color vision deficiency

Accessible charts are part of the equation of accessible papers: a heuristic evaluation of the highest impact LIS journals

Digital Image Representation Model Enriched with Semantic Web Technologies: Visual and Non-Visual Information

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