A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Early Childhood Caries Onset in Initially Caries-Free Children

Kopycka‐Kedzierawski, Dorota T.; Billings, Ronald J.; Feng, Changyong; Ragusa, Patricia; Flint, Katie; Watson, Gene E.; Wong, Candace; Manning, Samantha; Gill, Steve; O’Connor, Thomas G.

doi:10.1177/23800844221101800

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Another issue identified was that more patients exhibited S. noxia -positive results at the recall appointment than was observed in the initial pre-mouthwash screening, which may be due to natural variation in oral microbial prevalence over time [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. However, these results may also suggest that the removal of commensal and other bacterial constituents through the extended mouth washing protocol may provide opportunities for S. noxia to colonize biofilms and other oral sites following this procedure [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Clinical COVID-19 Mouthwashing Protocol and Potential Modulation of Pediatric Oral Bacterial Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia: A Pilot Study

Sodhi,

Jiang,

Lin

et al. 2023

Pediatric Reports

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Dental office protocols to combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic include mouth washing for an extended 60 s, thereby reducing detectable oral virus. However, it is unclear whether this protocol has any effects on the newly identified periodontal pathogen and obesity-related bacterium often found among pediatric patients, Selenomonas noxia. To determine if the mouthwash protocol has any measurable effect on S. noxia amongst pediatric patients, clinical pediatric saliva samples were obtained from pediatric patients during routine visits for clinical care and treatment. Using an approved protocol, two saliva samples were collected on the same visit before and after chlorhexidine mouthwash (Sample A, Sample B). The third sample (Sample C) was taken at the recall appointment—usually between two and eight weeks later. A total of n = 97 pre-mouthwash samples, and an equal number of matching post-mouthwash samples (n = 97) were collected, with a small number of matching recall samples (n = 36) that were subsequently collected and identified. The demographic composition of the study sample was analyzed using Chi square statistics. Sample DNA from the matching pre-, post-, and recall collections (Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C) was isolated and screened using qPCR and validated primers, which revealed that 11.1% (n = 4/36) from Sample A tested positive for S. noxia with 0% (n = 0/36) of Sample B testing positive and 13.9% (n = 5/36) of the recall (Sample C) testing positive. In addition, comparative analysis of the qPCR cycle threshold data revealed relatively lower expression (quantity) of S. noxia DNA among the recall samples, as determined by two-tailed t-tests (p=0.004). These data and results provide new evidence for the oral prevalence of S. noxia among pediatric patients, while also demonstrating that the COVID-19 protocol of mouth washing prior to clinical treatment for periods extending up to 60 s may be sufficient to reduce the levels of detectable S. noxia—at least temporarily. More research will be needed to determine whether these effects may be limited to the short- or may exhibit more lasting effects in the long-term.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Clinical COVID-19 Mouthwashing Protocol and Potential Modulation of Pediatric Oral Bacterial Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia: A Pilot Study

Sodhi,

Jiang,

Lin

et al. 2023

Pediatric Reports

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“…The detailed description of the study procedures and sample size calculation are provided elsewhere. 18 , 19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Risk Exposure Limits Routine Pediatric Oral Health Care

Kopycka-Kedzierawski,

Feng,

Billings

et al. 2024

AJPM Focus

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A scoping review linking early childhood caries to violence, neglect, internally displaced, migrant and refugee status

Folayan,

Schroth,

Ayouni

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Background The aim of the scoping review was to identify and synthesize the available literature concerning the relationship between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as it relates to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16). Methods Data regarding the links between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC), and the associations between ECC and maternal and child exposure to physical and sexual abuse, insecurity, crime, exploitation, torture, and displacement were extracted. The search was carried out in January 2023 across three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). Only publications in English with accessible full texts were included. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the categories of the retrieved papers, and graphical representation was employed for visualization purposes. The relationships between the publications and each of the 10 targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) were also assessed. Results Forty-five studies were reviewed. Most studies (42.2%) originated from the Americas Regions, while no studies were identified from the Africa Region. A significant portion (46.7%) of the papers focused on abuse, violence, and neglect as risk factors for ECC. Migrants, refugees, and IDPs were the most investigated populations (44.4%). Only one study specifically focused on IDPs and migrants respectively. The prevalence of untreated caries was higher among migrants, refugees, and IDPs compared to the host community, ECC was more prevalent among children who experienced abuse, neglect, or were in protective care. The was no clear direction on the associations between ECC and intimate partner violence, adverse childhood experiences, and wars. In terms of the SDGs, the reviewed publications addressed four targets (SDG16.1, SDG16.2, SDG16.3, and SDG16.5) out of the ten targets outlined in SDG 16. Conclusion There is available evidence regarding the connections between ECC and war, refugees, migration, violence, and neglect, as outlined in SDG 16. Future studies are needed to investigate how forced movements directly affects ECC status, how disruptions of peace and stability is a risk factor for ECC, and the associations between ECC and other indicators related to SDG 16 targets.

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A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Early Childhood Caries Onset in Initially Caries-Free Children

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Administration of Clinical COVID-19 Mouthwashing Protocol and Potential Modulation of Pediatric Oral Bacterial Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia: A Pilot Study

Administration of Clinical COVID-19 Mouthwashing Protocol and Potential Modulation of Pediatric Oral Bacterial Prevalence of Selenomonas noxia: A Pilot Study

Psychosocial Risk Exposure Limits Routine Pediatric Oral Health Care

A scoping review linking early childhood caries to violence, neglect, internally displaced, migrant and refugee status

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