A proteotranscriptomic study of silk-producing glands from the orb-weaving spiders

Santos-Pinto, José Roberto Aparecido dos; Esteves, Franciele Grego; Sialana, Fernando J.; Ferro, Milene; Šmidák, Roman; Rares, Lucaciu Calin; Nußbaumer, Thomas; Rattei, Thomas; Bilban, Martin; Bacci, Maurício; Palma, Mário Sérgio; Lübec, Gert

doi:10.1039/c9mo00087a

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…While PTM may play a critical role in fiber assembly, the mechanisms of PTM of spidroins in spider ampullate gland are poorly understood. The recent proteomic data of the gland may shed some light on the mechanism involved in PTM of spidroins (Santos-Pinto et al, 2019).…”

Section: Major Ampullate Spidroin Post-translational Modification (Ptm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins

2020

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Scaffold proteins form critical biomatrices that support cell adhesion and proliferation for regenerative medicine and drug screening. The increasing demand for such applications urges solutions for cost effective and sustainable supplies of hypoallergenic and biocompatible scaffold proteins. Here, we summarize recent efforts in obtaining plantderived biosynthetic spider silk analogue and the extracellular matrix protein, collagen. Both proteins are composed of a large number of tandem block repeats, which makes production in bacterial hosts challenging. Furthermore, post-translational modification of collagen is essential for its function which requires co-transformation of multiple copies of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. We discuss our perspectives on how the GAANTRY system could potentially assist the production of native-sized spider dragline silk proteins and prolyl hydroxylated collagen. The potential of recombinant scaffold proteins in drug delivery and drug discovery is also addressed.

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Section: Major Ampullate Spidroin Post-translational Modification (Ptm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins

2020

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“…Our Tetragnatha transcriptomes contain homologs of some of these uncharacterized spidroins. Sp-5803 is primarily expressed in the flagelliform gland in T. clavipes [14,40] and, like flagelliform spidroins, is absent from the Spiny Leg transcriptomes in this study, while being found in web builders (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Changes In Spidroin Expression In Tetragnathamentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Genes with higher expression in Spiny Legs include protease inhibitors such as zonadhesins, as well as transferases and transporter proteins. We observed reduced expression in Spiny Legs of some genes with aggregate gland-specific expression in other spiders, including an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (pp-GalNAc-T) [41] and a globin protein [40]. Other genes with lower expression in Spiny Legs include an aminotransferase, a semaphorin membrane protein, and a cathepsin endopeptidase.…”

Section: Differential Expression Analysis and Gene Ontology Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…One spidroin, Sp-907/ Sp-74867, was more highly expressed in Spiny Legs. Many of the remaining DE genes (both up-and downregulated) belong to groups of genes previously identified as having silk gland-specific expression (in [18,38,40]), including proteases, transferases, and genes associated with cellular transport and secretion; the where not labelled, support values are 100%. Branches leading to species sequenced in this study are colored red, and Spiny Leg species are labelled with blue text.…”

Section: Differential Expression Analysis and Gene Ontology Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduced expression of this gene in Spiny Legs accompanied by their loss of aggregate glands suggests that this gene could play a similar role in aggregate silk production in tetragnathids. Spiny Legs also have reduced expression of a globin protein, a type of protein specifically expressed in the aggregate glands of Trichonephila clavipes [40]. Spiny Legs have also downregulated other genes identified in the aggregate and flagelliform glands of Trichonephila clavipes [40], including an aminopeptidase, a serine/threonine protein kinase, and an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Transcriptional Shifts Of Silk Gland-associated Genes Accompany Loss Of Web-buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifts in morphology, gene expression, and selection underlie web loss in Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders

et al. 2021

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Background A striking aspect of evolution is that it often converges on similar trajectories. Evolutionary convergence can occur in deep time or over short time scales, and is associated with the imposition of similar selective pressures. Repeated convergent events provide a framework to infer the genetic basis of adaptive traits. The current study examines the genetic basis of secondary web loss within web-building spiders (Araneoidea). Specifically, we use a lineage of spiders in the genus Tetragnatha (Tetragnathidae) that has diverged into two clades associated with the relatively recent (5 mya) colonization of, and subsequent adaptive radiation within, the Hawaiian Islands. One clade has adopted a cursorial lifestyle, and the other has retained the ancestral behavior of capturing prey with sticky orb webs. We explore how these behavioral phenotypes are reflected in the morphology of the spinning apparatus and internal silk glands, and the expression of silk genes. Several sister families to the Tetragnathidae have undergone similar web loss, so we also ask whether convergent patterns of selection can be detected in these lineages. Results The cursorial clade has lost spigots associated with the sticky spiral of the orb web. This appears to have been accompanied by loss of silk glands themselves. We generated phylogenies of silk proteins (spidroins), which showed that the transcriptomes of cursorial Tetragnatha contain all major spidroins except for flagelliform. We also found an uncharacterized spidroin that has higher expression in cursorial species. We found evidence for convergent selection acting on this spidroin, as well as genes involved in protein metabolism, in the cursorial Tetragnatha and divergent cursorial lineages in the families Malkaridae and Mimetidae. Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that independent web loss events and the associated adoption of a cursorial lifestyle are based on similar genetic mechanisms. Many genes we identified as having evolved convergently are associated with protein synthesis, degradation, and processing, which are processes that play important roles in silk production. This study demonstrates, in the case of independent evolution of web loss, that similar selective pressures act on many of the same genes to produce the same phenotypes and behaviors.

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Expression of spidroin proteins in the silk glands of golden orb‐weaver spiders

et al. 2022

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The expression of spidroins in the major ampullate, minor ampullate, flagelliform, and tubuliform silk glands of Trichonephila clavipes spiders was analyzed using proteomics analysis techniques. Spidroin peptides were identified and assigned to different gene products based on sequence concurrence when compared with the whole genome of the spider. It was found that only a relatively low proportion of the spidroin genes are expressed as proteins in any of the studied glands. In addition, the expression of spidroin genes in different glands presents a wide range of patterns, with some spidroins being found in a single gland exclusively, while others appear in the content of several glands. The combination of precise genomics, proteomics, microstructural, and mechanical data provides new insights both on the design principles of these materials and how these principles might be translated for the production of high‐performance bioinspired artificial fibers.

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A proteotranscriptomic study of silk-producing glands from the orb-weaving spiders

Abstract: A proteotranscriptomic approach provides a biochemical basis for understanding the intricate spinning process and complex structural features of spider silk proteins.

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins

Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins

Shifts in morphology, gene expression, and selection underlie web loss in Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders

Expression of spidroin proteins in the silk glands of golden orb‐weaver spiders

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