A pullout model for inclined carbon nanotube

A bridging law and its application to the analysis of toughness of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites and pull-out of fibres grafted with nanotubes

“…It can also depict the complete pull-out force-displacement relation, but it also requires some numerical computation. One of the important findings of He et al [64]isthat the predicted maximum pull-out load increases with the inclination angle, similar to the exponential increase givenbyLietal. [19].…”

“…While the increase in the critical pull-out displacement for an inclined fibre from a brittle matrix such as mortar is due to spalling of the matrix at the exit point, the plastic deformation of polymer matrix at the exit point of conventional microfibres and nanoscale CNTs will have a similar effect [44,75]. Finally, the theoretical analysis of He et al [64] shows that the peak force of a pulled CNT increases with the inclination angle, consistent with the model of Li et al [19].…”

“…They showed that the original nonlinear but complicated bridging law can well be approximated by a tri-linear bridging law. Recently, He et al [64] presented a pull-out model for an inclined CNT from a matrix. This model takes into account the bending deformation of the CNT and the compressive deformation of the matrix at the exit surface.…”

Activity and stability of Mo2C/ZrO2 as catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of mixtures of phenol and 1-octanol

“…A prospective route to biofuels usable in the current infrastructure is the combination of flash pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) [2]. A challenge in the field of HDO is to find a suitable catalyst for the reaction [2][3][4]. Sulfide catalysts such as Ni-MoS 2 and Co-MoS 2 have good HDO activity [2,5,6], but one of the drawbacks is that a sulfur source is required to maintain these in their active form [7,8].…”

“…Reduced metal catalysts such as Ni have been found as attractive alternatives to noble metal catalysts [12][13][14], but suffer from fast deactivation by many of the impurities found in bio-oil such as sulfur, chlorine, and potassium [15]. A less investigated group of catalysts for HDO is based on transition metal carbides [4,3]. This group of catalysts has received increasing attention in several reactions as their properties have been compared to noble metal catalysts for some reactions [16][17][18] while being more reactive in reactions involving oxygen and hydrogen [18].…”