A Qualitative Market Analysis Applied to Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for Diagnosis of Helminth Infections in Ruminants

Maurelli, Maria Paola; Martins, Oliva; Morgan, Eric R.; Charlier, Johannes; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Mateus, Teresa Letra; Băcescu, B.; Chartier, Christophe; Claerebout, Edwin; Waal, Theo de; Helm, Christina; Hertzberg, Hubertus; Hinney, Barbara; Höglund, Johan; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela; Mickiewicz, Marcin; Petkevičius, Saulius; Simin, Stanislav; Sotiraki, Smaragda; Tosheska, Marina; Tóth, Mariann; Martínez‐Valladares, María; Várady, Marián; Sekovska, Blagica; Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Georg von; Rinaldi, Laura

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.580649

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each study center was supplied with tubes (15 ml) pre-filled with 80% ethanol; flea combs and zip-lock bags; one Mini-FLOTAC kit Fill-FLOTAC [ 14 ] containing four Mini-FLOTAC and four Fill-FLOTAC devices (200 tests); and instructions for material collection, conservation and analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with cat parasites in Italy: a multicenter study

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Parasites that infect cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods, many of which are transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on a good knowledge of parasite distribution and the risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and the risk factors associated with their occurrence. Methods Over a 12-month study period, feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats from feral colonies, shelters and private households were analyzed at 13 study centers across Italy. Samples from these cats (n = 987) were analyzed at all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for the identification of predictors of risk. Results The overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal and broncho-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). Toxocara cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by Ancylostomatidae (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites, of which the most common were fleas (29.4%, 290/987), followed by ear mites Otodectes cynotis (9.8%, 97/987). Predictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of antiparasitic treatment. Conclusions Both ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human–animal bond using proper endo- and ectoparasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept. Graphical abstract

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with cat parasites in Italy: a multicenter study

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the past seven years, Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has been used in routine parasitological diagnosis in several animal species, and most of the studies concluded that this technique is a good alternative to the traditional McMaster technique, allowing simultaneous identification of helminth eggs and coccidia oocysts with relatively higher sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Established in the Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy), the manufacturer proposes three MF protocols for animals, namely for small animals (e.g., dogs and cats), herbivores (e.g., ruminants and horses) and exotic species (e.g., birds and reptiles), which involve different fecal dilutions and detection limits [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Lozano

Almeida²,

Victório

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in several domestic and exotic bird collections in Portugal. Between July 2020 and April 2021, a total of 142 fecal samples from organic layers, peacocks and ratites were collected in four Portuguese bird collections and processed using MF and fecal cultures to identify and calculate GI parasite shedding and prevalence. The McMaster method was also used to compare the shedding levels obtained for both quantitative techniques. MF’s relative sensitivity and specificity were also assessed, using McMaster as the reference technique. The implementation of MF resulted in an average Eimeria spp. shedding higher in peacocks from bird collection 2 (502 OPG), followed by peacocks from collection 1 (107 OPG) and organic layers (24 OPG) and peacocks from collection 3 (9 OPG). Peacocks were also positive for Capillaria spp., Trichostrongylus tenuis and Strongyloides pavonis, whereas ostriches and emus were infected by L. douglassii. The MF protocol for exotic animals and the McMaster method did not differ significantly for each parasitic agent and bird species, and MF achieved relative sensitivities and specificities higher than 70% for Galliform Eimeria spp., peacock helminths and ratites’ L. douglassii infections. Higher L. douglassii EPG values were identified using the MF protocol for exotic species (2 g of feces/38 mL of sucrose solution), followed by McMaster 2/28, MF 5/45 and MF 2/18. The use of MF allowed for obtaining different intestinal parasitic populations in several bird species and locations, and MF 2/38 is globally proposed as the most suitable protocol for bird fecal samples as an alternative to the McMaster method in the diagnosis of avian intestinal parasitic infections.

show abstract

“…McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC [ 37 ], although results rely on operator proficiency. The availability of reliable, low-cost, easy-to-perform tools for swift FEC is of pivotal importance to increase user-friendliness and uptake of FECRT by veterinarians, advisors and farmers [ 66 ]. Different FEC methods apply different dilution factors to faeces, such that higher starting average FEC are needed to ensure robust FECRT results using less sensitive (= higher dilution) methods.…”

Section: Technical Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing anthelmintic resistance (AR) in livestock has stimulated growing efforts to monitor anthelmintic effectiveness (AE) on livestock farms. On-farm assessment of AE relies on measuring the reduction in faecal egg count (FEC) following treatment; and if conducted rigorously, qualifies as a formal FEC reduction test (FECRT) for AR. Substantial research effort has been devoted to designing robust protocols for the FECRT and its statistical interpretation; however, a wide range of factors other than AR can affect FEC reduction on farms. These are not always possible to control, and can affect the outcome and repeatability of AE measurements and confound the on-farm classification of AR using FECRT. This review considers confounders of FEC reduction, focusing on gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, including host and parasite physiology and demography; pharmacokinetic variation between drugs, parasites and hosts; and technical performance. Drug formulation and delivery, host condition and diet, and seasonal variation in parasite species composition, can all affect AE and hence observed FEC reduction. Causes of variation in FEC reduction should be attenuated, but this is not always possible. Regular monitoring of AE can indicate a need to improve anthelmintic administration practices, and detect AR early in its progression. Careful interpretation of FEC reduction, however, taking into account possible confounders, is essential before attributing reduced FEC reduction to AR. Understanding of confounders of FEC reduction will complement advances in FECRT design and interpretation to provide measures of anthelmintic efficacy that are both rigorous and accessible.

show abstract

A Qualitative Market Analysis Applied to Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for Diagnosis of Helminth Infections in Ruminants

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with cat parasites in Italy: a multicenter study

Prevalence and risk factors associated with cat parasites in Italy: a multicenter study

Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About