This review mainly focuses on the identification of preventable causes of negative neonatal outcomes in the NICUs, and reviews the currently available evidence on the interventions implemented to prevent these causes. Methods An extensive literature search was conducted for the English language articles in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. A total of 300 articles were retrieved with the keyword search. Further attempts were made to search the reference lists of retrieved articles to identify the relevant studies. An internet database search was made to include all articles. The keywords used to retrieve this data were 'quality improvement', 'quality initiatives', 'neonatal outcomes', 'health outcomes', 'care outcomes', 'neonatal intensive care unit', 'NICU', 'preterm infants', 'preterm neonates', 'low birth weight infants', 'low birth weight neonates', 'quality team', 'quality intervention', 'premature infants', 'premature neonates'.