A Quantitative Scale of Spike Initial and Pistil Development in Barley and Wheat

Waddington, S.R.; Cartwright, P. M.; Wall, P. C.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086434

Cited by 332 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

294

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To equalize germination, the trays were kept in the dark at 4°C for 3 days, after which the seedlings were grown under long-day conditions (16 h, 22°C day; 8 h, 18°C night). The developmental stage of the MSA of vrs3.f, int-a, vrs1, and vrs4 was determined according to the quantitative scale of Waddington et al (1983). The quantitative scale by Waddington et al (1983) is based on the progression of the most advanced floret primordium and carpel of the inflorescence.…”

Section: Plant Growth Conditions and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The developmental stage of the MSA of vrs3.f, int-a, vrs1, and vrs4 was determined according to the quantitative scale of Waddington et al (1983). The quantitative scale by Waddington et al (1983) is based on the progression of the most advanced floret primordium and carpel of the inflorescence. At the double-ridge stage (W1.5-2.0), the first spikelet primordia on the shoot apex emerge; this specifies a reproductive MSA.…”

Section: Plant Growth Conditions and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Six-Rowed Spike3 (VRS3) Is a Histone Demethylase That Controls Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The complex nature of crop genomes has long prohibited the efficient isolation of agronomically relevant genes. However, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies provide new ways to accelerate fine-mapping and gene isolation in crops. We used RNA sequencing of allelic six-rowed spike3 (vrs3) mutants with altered spikelet development for gene identification and functional analysis in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Variant calling in two allelic vrs3 mutants revealed that VRS3 encodes a putative histone Lys demethylase with a conserved zinc finger and Jumonji C and N domain. Sanger sequencing of this candidate gene in independent allelic vrs3 mutants revealed a series of mutations in conserved domains, thus confirming our candidate as the VRS3 gene and suggesting that the row type in barley is determined epigenetically. Global transcriptional profiling in developing shoot apical meristems of vrs3 suggested that VRS3 acts as a transcriptional activator of the row-type genes VRS1 (Hv.HOMEOBOX1) and INTERMEDIUM-C (INT-C; Hv.TEOSINTE BRANCHED1). Comparative transcriptome analysis of the row-type mutants vrs3, vrs4 (Hv.RAMOSA2), and int-c confirmed that all three genes act as transcriptional activators of VRS1 and quantitative variation in the expression levels of VRS1 in these mutants correlated with differences in the number of developed lateral spikelets. The identification of genes and pathways affecting seed number in small grain cereals will enable to further unravel the transcriptional networks controlling this important yield component.

show abstract

Section: Plant Growth Conditions and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Growth Conditions and Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-Rowed Spike3 (VRS3) Is a Histone Demethylase That Controls Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Floret development in the Waddington scale (Waddington et al 1983) was recorded at 52 DAE and booting, in three pairs of spikelets per spike, central (middle of the spike), apical (third and fourth spikelet from the top), and basal (second and third fertile spikelets from the base). At anthesis, all fertile florets in each spikelet were scored.…”

Section: Floret Development and Grain Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

More fertile florets and grains per spike can be achieved at higher temperature in wheat lines with high spike biomass and sugar content at booting

Dreccer

Wockner

Palta

et al. 2014

Functional Plant Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An understanding of processes regulating wheat floret and grain number at higher temperatures is required to better exploit genetic variation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that at higher temperatures, a reduction in floret fertility is associated with a decrease in soluble sugars and this response is exacerbated in genotypes low in water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). Four recombinant inbred lines contrasting for stem WSC were grown at 20/10 C and 11 h photoperiod until terminal spikelet, and then continued in a factorial combination of 20/10 C or 28/14 C with 11 h or 16 h photoperiod until anthesis. Across environments, High WSC lines had more grains per spike associated with more florets per spike. The number of fertile florets was associated with spike biomass at booting and, by extension, with glucose amount, both higher in High WSC lines. At booting, High WSC lines had higher fixed 13 C and higher levels of expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and sucrose transport and lower in sucrose degradation compared with Low WSC lines. At higher temperature, the intrinsic rate of floret development rate before booting was slower in High WSC lines. Grain set declined with the intrinsic rate of floret development before booting, with an advantage for High WSC lines at 28/14 C and 16 h. Genotypic and environmental action on floret fertility and grain set was summarised in a model.

show abstract

“…In barley, flowering time was determined by observing floret stages inside the spikelets because floret fecundation normally occurs before anther emergence and usually anther emergence cannot be observed. When 50% of the selected spikes showed fertile florets according with Waddington et al (1983), we considered that the plot had reached the flowering stage. This stage generally coincided in barley with visible awns over the flag leaf sheath.…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative behavior of wheat and barley associated with field release and grain weight determination

Prado

Gallardo

Serrago

et al. 2013

Field Crops Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c t Double-cropping using the wheat-soybean sequence is a common practice in Argentina to promote the intensification of crops within rotations. However, the late release of the fields by a delayed harvest time in wheat determines soybean yield penalizations. In this context, barley could represent a better option than wheat preceding soybean in the crop rotation since there is some evidence that finishes its cycle earlier than wheat. However, it is not clear which period of barley shortens crop cycle allowing an earlier field release than wheat. The objectives of this study were to compare wheat and barley in terms of (i) field release and (ii) grain weight determination through the analysis of their physiological mechanisms. Field experiments during two consecutive growing seasons testing five different environments (three sowing dates in 2007 and two in 2008) were carried out to analyze the duration of different ontogenic periods and the attributes (dry matter and water dynamics) determining grain weight during the grainfilling period in wheat and barley. Early flowering time was the main cause of the early field release by barley as the grain filling and drying period were similar in both species. A strong relationship was found between dry matter and water dynamics in both species. Barley reached a higher maximum water content than wheat and also achieved physiological maturity with higher moisture concentration than wheat (48% and 39%, respectively). Barley showed a slight increase in grain weight, respect to wheat, due to a source:sink ratio enhancement (4% and 9% for wheat and barley, respectively). These data show an opposite response to that of Mediterranean, Australian and UK environments, where barley was under stronger sink limitation than wheat during the grain-filling period.

show abstract

A Quantitative Scale of Spike Initial and Pistil Development in Barley and Wheat

Cited by 332 publications

References 14 publications

Six-Rowed Spike3 (VRS3) Is a Histone Demethylase That Controls Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley

Six-Rowed Spike3 (VRS3) Is a Histone Demethylase That Controls Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley

More fertile florets and grains per spike can be achieved at higher temperature in wheat lines with high spike biomass and sugar content at booting

Comparative behavior of wheat and barley associated with field release and grain weight determination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About