A Quantum Cascade Detector With Enhanced Extraction Efficiency Utilizing Localized Electric Field

Zhao, Ruochen; Hao, Zhibiao; Wang, Lai; Wang, Jian; Xiong, Bing; Sun, Changzheng; Han, Yongqin; Li, Hongtao; Zhuo, Ning; Liu, Fengqi; Luo, Yi

doi:10.1109/lpt.2023.3239741

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…[1,2,6] Various design concepts of the active region have been proposed with the aim of improving the responsivity and operation temperature, and bandwidth of the response spectrum. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Owing to progress in the design of the active region, as well as their low-noise property with bias-free photovoltaic operation, the noise-equivalent power of QC detectors compares favorably with the other uncooled IR detectors, such as mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors. [22,23] In addition, highspeed operation with a response time on the order of picoseconds has been demonstrated in mid-IR QC detectors for the detection of a high-frequency heterodyne beat signal, [24,25] microwave rectification, [26] and the observation of an impulse response of a femto-second optical pulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical flicker-noise analysis based on trapping and de-trapping model in quantum-cascade detectors

Dougakiuchi,

Fujita,

Kadoya

2024

Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XX

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Quantum-cascade (QC) detectors are photovoltaic infrared detectors that exhibit low-noise characteristics dominated by the Johnson-Nyquist noise owing to the absence of fluctuations brought on by an external operation bias. When the Johnson-Nyquist noise level is low (at high device resistances), the flicker noise cannot be ignored in the lower-frequency region. However, the flicker noise seen in QC detectors has not been sufficiently discussed, and only the Johnson-Nyquist noise has been considered. In this study, we carried out flicker-noise analysis for mid-infrared QC detectors with a response wavelength of approximately 4.5 m using experimental and theoretical approaches. The theoretical predictions, which were based on fluctuating charge-dipoles caused by electron trappings and de-trappings at impurity states, showed qualitative agreement with the measured temperature and device size dependencies of the flicker noise. Because doping of impurities into the absorption well is essential for detector operation, the results suggest that flicker noise is unavoidable in QC detectors. Therefore, to achieve the best low-noise performance of QC detectors, it is important to understand how flicker noise behaves in QC detectors using a theoretical model that considers the experimental results.

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