A QuEChERS/LC–MS method for the analysis of ractopamine in pork

Valese, Andressa Camargo; Oliveira, Gabriela A.P.; Kleemann, Cristian Rafael; Molognoni, Luciano; Daguer, Heitor

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2016.01.002

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Some studies do not use the step of hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase enzyme in the determination of RAC in tissues [14,[30][31][32]. In this work, we still reinforce the use of it, because RAC glucuronide metabolites A-F ( Fig.…”

Section: Extraction Methods and Lc-ms/ms Analysissupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The use of QuEChERS instead of SPE (solid phase extraction) was chosen because it showed good applicability to extract RAC from muscle, feed, and MBM matrices [14,15,23,24]. The QuEChERS method was originally developed for pesticides extraction [25], although other compounds such as pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins, β-agonists and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have also been extracted by this method in a wide variety of complex matrices [26][27][28].…”

Section: Extraction Methods and Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to our knowledge, only these studies evaluated RAC residues in swine lungs and therefore literature is scarce in order to provide data to establish a MRL for lungs. Due to its high selectivity and reliability of results, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has played an important role in the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in foods and feeds [13][14][15]. However, sample preparation method shall be carefully chosen or developed to ensure suitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sample preparation method shall be carefully chosen or developed to ensure suitability. Recently, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction and clean-up has been successfully applied before LC-MS/MS analysis to determine RAC and showed high tendency to be the most used sample preparation technique due to its simplicity, speed, lower reagent costs and higher sample throughput [13][14][15]. In our lab, we first developed a practical method [15] to detect and quantify RAC residues in meat and bone meal (MBM), which is used in many countries to partially replace soybean meal in animal diets, for economic reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ractopamine: analytical method validation; and the detection in loin, tissues and urine of pigs fed meat and bone meal containing this growth promoter

Aroeira¹

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Ractopamine: analytical method validation; and the detection in loin, tissues and urine of pigs fed meat and bone meal containing this growth promoter Ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) is a β-agonist additive that has been used in many countries as a repartitioning agent, redirecting nutrients in order to increase leanness and decrease lipid deposition in pigs. Countries from the European Union and Asia question their safety, while American countries and Australia allow their controlled use as an additive added to the feed of pigsin the finishing phase. In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply together with the national production sector, developed a Program called "SplitSystem" to ensure a safe product without RAC in order to meet international sanitary requirements. However, coproducts used in animal feed may contain RAC, such as meat and bone meal (MBM), one of the main feed ingredients used in many countries which can partially replace soybean meal to lower costs. As the level of RAC in this protein source has not been established an experiment was under taken to examine the impact on pig tissues of increasing amounts of meat and bone meal (MBM) in four dietary groups: 0, 7, 14 and 21% w/w of MBM-containing RAC (53.5 µg kg-1) in the diet. The purpose was to verify if ractopamine residues remain in pig tissues (muscle, liver, kidneys, and lungs) and how much is eliminated through urine. To addrress these concerns, gilts were fed RAC via MBM daily, from weaning until slaughter. RAC was determined in muscle, liver, kidneys, and lungs with a limit of detection (LOD) = 0.15, 0.5, 0.5 and 1.0 µg kg-1 , respectively), and no RAC residues were quantified above the limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.5, 2.5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg kg-1 , respectively). In urine, RAC concentration remained below 1.35 µg L-1. These values are below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by legislation. Therefore, MBM (53.5 μg kg-1 of RAC) can be used up to 21% in pig diets, however when considering restrictive markets, it is recommended not to use MBM.

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Section: Extraction Methods and Lc-ms/ms Analysissupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Extraction Methods and Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ractopamine: analytical method validation; and the detection in loin, tissues and urine of pigs fed meat and bone meal containing this growth promoter

Aroeira¹

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“…To this end, an analytical method for determination of SEM in seawater, sediment and shellfish was developed based on UPLC-MS/MS, which became the master way of determining residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides in recent years (Valese et al, 2016;Shendy et al, 2016;Tkachenko et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2016). In 2009 and 2010, 41 voyages were carried out that covered 1000 nautical miles, and 1025 monitoring data were collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental status and early warning value of the pollutant Semicarbazide in Jincheng and Sishili Bays, Shandong Peninsula, China

Tian

Gong

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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• An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for determining Semicarbazide, with short time, high sensitivity and accurate characterization.• The temporal and spatial distribution of Semicarbazide in seawater was measured and the highly polluted areas identified and traced.• The distribution of Semicarbazide in sediment and shellfish was also analyzed.• An early warning value 0.05 μg/L in seawater was deduced. A verified method for measuring Semicarbazide (SEM) in seawater, sediments, and shellfish was developed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 30 stations were radially distributed in Jincheng and Sishili Bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, and 1025 monitoring data were collected in 41 voyages, 615 seawater samples, 320 sediment samples and 90 shellfish samples. The concentration ranged from 0.011 μg/L to 0.093 μg/L and 0 to 0.75 μg/kg in seawater and shellfish respectively, but SEM in sediment was all below the limit of detection. Temporal and spatial distribution of SEM was investigated using multivariate analysis to estimate the degree of SEM pollution. Based on the SEM concentration in the three sample types, together with our previous findings, early warning values were deduced for SEM in seawater, and the developed method overcame shortcomings with existing technologies. The results may be helpful to draft national baseline values for SEM in seawater and sediments, and provide a scientific basis for assessing the impacts of SEM on marine ecology and human health. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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QuEChERS Pretreatment Combined with Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Four Veterinary Drug Residues in Marine Products

2019

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A QuEChERS/LC–MS method for the analysis of ractopamine in pork

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Ractopamine: analytical method validation; and the detection in loin, tissues and urine of pigs fed meat and bone meal containing this growth promoter

Ractopamine: analytical method validation; and the detection in loin, tissues and urine of pigs fed meat and bone meal containing this growth promoter

Environmental status and early warning value of the pollutant Semicarbazide in Jincheng and Sishili Bays, Shandong Peninsula, China

QuEChERS Pretreatment Combined with Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Four Veterinary Drug Residues in Marine Products

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