A Radioimmunoassay for Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

Wilde, C. E.; Orr, A. Hilary; Bagshawe, K. D.

doi:10.1038/205191a0

Cited by 57 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, agglutination-inhibition assays are frequently impractical with crude extracts and serum due to the presence of interfering substances. These problems are obviated in the present assay, which is many times more sensitive than any previously published immunologic method for gonadotropins, including the recently reported radioimmunoassay for HCG (27). This higher sensitivity could be the result of differences in: avidity of the antiserum, method of radioiodination, and specific activity of the HCG-131 I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Radioimmunoassay: A Method for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Luteinizing Hormone1

1966

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Purified human chorionic gonadotropin has been radioiodinated to give an immunologically and biologically active product which possesses high specific activity. With this labeled hormone and an antiserum which is capable of reacting specifically with human luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin, a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed. Comparable results have been obtained when the content of luteinizing hormone in preparations differing widely in luteinizing and follicle stimulating activity have been estimated by the radioimmunoassay and the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion bio-assay. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to permit quantitation of normal amounts of luteinizing hormone in 0.1 ml of unconcentrated serum and urine. With the use of the assay, peaks in concentration of luteinizing hormone have been found in serum and urine of women near the time of presumed ovulation. (Endocrinology 79: 10, 1966) ADVANTAGE has been taken of the now JLM. well-documented cross-reaction between human luteinizing hormone (LH) and antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin (anti-HCG) (1-3) to develop a sensitive radioimmunoassay capable of estimating HCG and human LH in unconcentrated urine and serum. The assay is based upon the quantitative inhibition of the reaction between l31 I-labeled HCG (HCG-V31 I) and its antibody by unlabeled hormone, a principle which is being utilized extensively for the assay of several other protein-hormones (4). Materials and MethodsBio-assay. Hormones were bio-assayed by the 1-ovary, 4-hr modification of the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion (OAAD) method of Parlow (5, 6) using rats of the Holtzman strain (Madi-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Radioimmunoassay: A Method for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Luteinizing Hormone1

1966

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“…Human chorionic gonadotropin ("A.P.L.," Ayerst Co., New York City,) 10,000 IU, dissolved in 5 ml isotonic saline was injected iv. Blood was collected from the opposite antecubital vein in a heparinized Vacutainer tube at close intervals (5,15,30 min, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr from the time of HCG injection). Plasma was separated promptly and stored at -20 C until assayed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of HCG in Man

Rizkallah

Gurpide

Wiele

1969

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

138

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The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was determined in normal male and female subjects following the intravenous and intramuscular administration of 10,000 IU of HCG. The mean MCR (I/day) in the iv experiments was 3.38 for men and 3.86 for women. These values are approximately 1/10 of the MCR value reported for human luteinizing hormone. Following the iv administration, the plasma disappearance curve showed an initial fast component with a half-life of 5.1 and 5.6 hr for males and females, respectively, while the half-life for the second, slow component was 23.6 for males and 23.9 hr for females. (J Clin Endocr 29: 92, 1969) H UMAN chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) has been widely used to induce ovulation in women pretreated with either human menopausal or pituitary gonadotropins. The dose and number of injections have been variable and their timing mainly empirical (1, 2). In very few studies has an attempt been made to determine the blood levels of HCG at various intervals following its administration (3,4,32).In the study to be reported here, HCG has been administered either intravenously or intramuscularly to a group of healthy men and women, and plasma concentration of HCG has been measured at frequent intervals up to 120 hours following the injection. The results confirmed previous studies indicating that HCG disappears only slowly from the blood (3), and have made it possible to calculate the rate constant of disappearance, and the metabolic clearance rates of HCG following both iv and im injection. The rate of disappearance of HCG was much slower than that of any other human protein hormone, including human luteinizing hormone (HLH). In some respects this characteristic is therapeutically desirable since it leads to

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“…Details of the method, sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunoassay have been described by Bagshawe (1965, 1967) and by Bagshawe, Wilde and Orr (1966). The method estimates both HCG and luteinising hormone (LH) and requires approximately 1 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

Rushworth¹,

Orr²,

Bagshawe³

1968

Br J Cancer

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THE original observations that the placenta produces a gonadotrophic hormone which is excreted in the urine (Hirose, 1920;Aschheim and Zondek, 1927) were soon followed by identification of a similar hormone in the urine and blood of patients with hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma (Zondek, 1929(Zondek, , 1942 Hamburger, 1944). These conditions were sometimes found to be associated with higher excretion rates of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) than were usually found in normal pregnancy but it is now recognised that in choriocarcinoma high values simply reflect extensive disease and in many instances the excretion rates of HCG are comparable to, or lower than those of normal pregnancy.The problem of distinguishing hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma from normal pregnancy led Ehrhardt (1931) to examine the spinal fluid for gonadotrophic activity by the Aschheim-Zondek test. He obtained positive responses with CSF from 2 patients with hydatidiform mole but no response with the CSF of normal pregnant women. Zondek (1937Zondek ( , 1942, Mathieu (1939) and Vesell and Goldman (1941) confirmed these findings on small groups of patients with inole, choriocarcinoma and normal pregnancy. On their evidence a positive pregnancy test on spinal fluid acquired a reputation as a means for distinguishing choriocarcinoma from normal pregnancy. McCormick (1954) studied patients with hydatidiform mole and also infused HCG into a nephrectomised dog. He concluded that the ratio of blood and spinal fluid concentrations was about 187: 1 and that HCG did not appear in the CSF until a high threshold value (excretion of 250,000 i.u. HCG/day in the urine) was exceeded. Tashima et al., (1965) also concluded that HCG did not appear in the CSF until a high threshold value was exceeded unless the patient had brain metastases from choriocarcinoma.Radioimmunoassay provides a more sensitive method for the quantitation of gonadotrophic hormones than the bioassay methods previously used. By radioimmunoassay it has been found that the concentration of HCG in the CSF of patients with trophoblastic tumours is directly proportional to the concentration in the plasma (Bagshawe, Orr, and Rushworth, 1968). In the present paper we compare the concentration of HCG in the CSF of patients with choriocarcinoma which has metastasised to the central nervous system (CNS) with the values found in patients who had no evidence of such metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODSDetails of the method, sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunoassay have been described by Bagshawe (1965, 1967) and by Bagshawe, Wilde and Orr (1966). The method estimates both HCG and luteinising hormone (LH) and requires approximately 1 ml. of the sample fluid. Total CSF protein was estimated by a turbidimetric method using sulphosalicylic acid.

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A Radioimmunoassay for Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Radioimmunoassay: A Method for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Luteinizing Hormone1

Radioimmunoassay: A Method for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Luteinizing Hormone1

Metabolism of HCG in Man

The concentration of HCG in the plasma and spinal fluid of patients with trophoblastic tumours in the central nervous system

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