A Raman spectroscopic investigation of synthetic "cooperite", (Pt,Pd,Ni)S

Merkle, R. K. W.; Pikl, R.; Verryn, S. M. C.; Waal, D. de

doi:10.1127/njmm/1997/1997/518

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, solid solution ranges are temperature dependent and can overlap, as is the case with the Pt-Pd+Ni-S minerals cooperite and braggite (Skinner et al, 1976;Cabri et aL, 1978). Synthetic 'cooperite' was shown to display systematic changes in the Raman spectra as a function of composition (Merkle et aL, 1997) and a similar effect was expected for synthetic 'braggite'; braggite displays a much wider range of compositional variation in nature than cooperite (Merkle and Verryn, 1991;Verryn and Merkle, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…THE Laser-Raman microprobe technique is an emerging tool in the identification of small platinum-group minerals (PGM) (Meruagh and Hoatson, 1995;Merkle et aL, 1997), especially in cases where the notoriously small PGM grains are difficult to identify during petrographic studies. Even micro-analytical techniques do not always allow a positive identification due to structural differences of minerals with very similar, or overlapping, compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Raman Spectra of Synthetic ‘Braggite’, (Pd,Pt,Ni)S

Merkle

Pikl²,

Verryn³

et al. 1999

Mineralogical Magazine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raman spectra of synthetic 'braggite' ((Pd,Pt,Ni)S) vary systematically with changes in Pt/Pd ratios, but this change is less pronounced than in 'cooperite' ((Pt,Pd,Ni)S). Compared to 'vysotskite' (ideally PdS), the incorporation of Pt leads to broadening of bands but the spectra of 'vysotskite' and 'braggite' are similar, and spectra of 'cooperite' and the 'braggite/vysotskite' solid-solution series are sufficiently different to facilitate distinction of these platinum group minerals by Raman spectroscopy.KEYWORD$" Raman spectroscopy, braggite, mineral chemistry, platinum group minerals.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectra of Synthetic ‘Braggite’, (Pd,Pt,Ni)S

Merkle

Pikl²,

Verryn³

et al. 1999

Mineralogical Magazine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, the Raman spectra available for PGM are very limited. In particular, the following Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pt bearing minerals have been previously investigated by Raman and proved to be sensitive to this technique: erlichmanite (OsS 2 ), irarsite (IrAsS), laurite (RuS 2 ), zaccariniite (RhNiAs), cooperite ((Pt,Pd,Ni)S), sperrylite (PtAs 2 ), platarsite (PtAsS), moncheite ((Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi) 2 ) and braggite (Pt,Pd,Ni)S (Mernagh & Hoatson, 1995;Merkle et al, 1997;Pikl et al, 1999;Zaccarini et al, 2009Zaccarini et al, , 2010Vymazalová et al, 2012). Despite of the fact that the majority of PGM are Pddominant, only Raman spectra of vysotskite (PdS) and potarite (PdHg) have been provided (Mernagh & Hoatson, 1995;Merkle et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, after the pioneer work of Mernagh & Hoatson (1995), few data have been published on the application of Raman technique to recognize the natural PGM (Zaccarini et al, 2009(Zaccarini et al, , 2010McDonald et al, 2010;Grammatikopoulos et al, 2011;Vymazalová et al, 2012) as well as to investigate synthetic PGM (e.g. Weber et al, 1988;Graham et al, 1991;Merkle et al, 1997;Pikl et al, 1999;Vermaak et al, 2007). Therefore, the Raman spectra available on PGM are still scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy characterisation of synthetic platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the Pd–Sn–Te and Pd–Pb–Te ternary systems

Vymazalová

Zaccarini

Bakker

2014

ejm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The identification of minerals that occur as tiny and rare phases such as most of the natural platinum-group minerals (PGM) is a challenging target. The main reason for that resides in their size (generally less than 10 micrometres) and mode of occurrence (i.e. polyphasic aggregates) that make problematic the identification by standard X-ray diffraction methods. In this contribution we have applied the Raman spectroscopy to synthetic PGM in the ternary systems Pd-Sn-Te and Pd-Pb-Te. Some of the analyzed PGM show characteristic Raman bands and the following PGM can be distinguished using the Raman spectroscopy: merenskyite, kotulskite, kojonenite, pašavaite and Pd 3 Te 2. Other PGM in the ternary Pd-Sn-Te and Pd-Pb-Te systems cannot be identified using this technique. These results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can be considered as an innovative and complementary methodology with a potential to identify and to better characterize the PGM.

show abstract

“…Solid lines represent the experimentally determined limits of the stability fields of cooperite and braggite at 700°C Merkle 2000, 2002). Most analyses plot inside the stability field boundaries spectroscopy (Merkle et al 1997, but the required instrumentation is not as widespread as scanning electron microscopes with energy-dispersive attachments, or electron microprobes. The only unambiguous way of distinguishing between cooperite and braggite is to obtain structural information through X-ray diffraction or equivalent techniques.…”

Section: Distinction Between Cooperite and Braggitementioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperite and braggite from the Bushveld Complex: implications for the miscibility gap and identification

Merkle

Verryn

2003

Miner Deposita

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analyses of the Pt-Pd±Ni sulphides cooperite, braggite, and vysotskite reported from worldwide occurrences seem to imply a continuum of compositions between vysotskite and cooperite, with no obvious miscibility gap. This is contrary to the experimentally confirmed miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite, and the established compositional gap between co-existing cooperite and braggite from the Merensky Reef. Although the only unambiguous way of distinguishing between cooperite and braggite is to obtain structural information through X-ray diffraction or equivalent techniques, most identification of Pt-Pd±Ni sulphides is based on microanalytical techniques due to the small grain size of most platinum-group minerals. Ni contents also have to be considered because a classification based on the Pt/Pd ratio alone can be very misleading. Naming of Pt-Pd±Ni sulphide compositions with high Pt contents based on qualitative or semiquantitative analyses should be avoided. Natural PtPd±Ni sulphides which project into the compositional gap (established by experimental work) cannot be named without supporting structural information. Compositions of grains, which plot inside the gap, are considered to be metastable and to result from the loss of Pd through interaction with hydrothermal fluids.Keywords Braggite AE Cooperite AE Pt-Pd-Ni-S AE Miscibility gap AE Bushveld AE South Africa Recent experimental investigations of the system PtS- PdS-NiS (Verryn and Merkle 2000, 2002) confirmed the presence of a miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite and a continuous solid solution series between braggite and vysotskite. Contrary to the experimentally confirmed miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite, a compilation of analyses reported in the literature from worldwide occurrences seems to imply a continuum of compositions between vysotskite and cooperite with no obvious gap (Fig. 1). This contribution focuses on the reasons for the discrepancy between experiments and natural occurrences. The question also arises of which criteria to use for identification of minerals inside the experimentally established miscibility gap. The data baseA compilation of published analyses from the literature (for sources see caption of Fig. 1) was used to evaluate the miscibility gap between cooperite and braggite and the problem of identifying some natural Pt-Pd-Ni sulphides. The database of 592 microprobe analyses from Miner Deposita (2003) 38: 381-388

show abstract

A Raman spectroscopic investigation of synthetic "cooperite", (Pt,Pd,Ni)S

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Raman Spectra of Synthetic ‘Braggite’, (Pd,Pt,Ni)S

Raman Spectra of Synthetic ‘Braggite’, (Pd,Pt,Ni)S

Raman spectroscopy characterisation of synthetic platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the Pd–Sn–Te and Pd–Pb–Te ternary systems

Cooperite and braggite from the Bushveld Complex: implications for the miscibility gap and identification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About