A Random Modulation Spread-Spectrum Digital PWM for a Low System Clock Digital Buck Converter

Moon, Chanho; Chen, Ching-Jan; Lee, Seong-Won

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3126556

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Standards such as CISPR 25 [16] and IEC 61967 [17] provide guidelines for EMC measurements within the relevant frequency range, from 150 kHz to 30 MHz [18]. The profile of frequency alteration can be deterministic, for instance, sinusoidal, cubic, or triangular, yet it's been demonstrated that a random frequency change results in the smoothest spectra [19], [20] and [21]. The generation of these random frequencies often utilizes Linear Feedback Shift Registers, as evidenced in [22], [23] and [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Frequency Optimization of a Compensated Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters

Kundrata,

Baric

2024

IEEE Access

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This research investigates the spread-spectrum technique's impact on buck converters, with a focus on electromagnetic emissions and output voltage ripple. The ripple, attributed to constant delay time in the PWM generator, induces changes in the duty cycle as the switching frequency varies due to the spread-spectrum technique. To alleviate this, a time delay compensation mechanism recalculated at each switching frequency change is proposed. To address duty cycle inaccuracies from integer calculations in a digital core, a remainder accumulator in time delay calculation is introduced. A numerical model parametrized by the controller's clock frequency and spread-spectrum resolution examines duty cycle error, ripple, and EMI peak reduction. Findings indicate that the proposed compensator and accumulator reduce duty cycle error while maintaining comparable ripple and achieving similar EMI peak reduction. EMI peak reduction plateaus at higher clock frequencies, suggesting an optimal clock frequency. Experimental results from an FPGA prototype corroborate the model and simulations, showing substantial duty cycle error reduction, comparable ripple, and maximized EMI peak reduction. The study thus illustrates the spreadspectrum technique's potential in buck converters, providing an optimal configuration for EMI reduction and minimizing duty cycle error and ripple.INDEX TERMS DC-DC converter, digital design, duty cycle ripple, EMI, spread-spectrum

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Frequency Optimization of a Compensated Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters

Kundrata,

Baric

2024

IEEE Access

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“…It has several benefits, such as improving compliance with EMC standards for EMI and mitigating acoustic noise in ASDs [2][3][4]. The existing simple random schemes that use only one random parameter are randomized carrier frequency modulation (RCFM) and randomized pulse position modulation (RPPM) [1][2][3][5][6][7][8]. However, for a maximum spreading of the voltage spectrum, the combination of the two schemes (RCFM-RPPM) has also been proposed [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Spectral Density of Dual Randomized Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation

Boudouda

2023

RRST-EE

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This paper addresses the spectral characteristics of a carrier-based dual randomized discontinuous pulse width modulation (DRDPWM) technique for reducing conducted EMI and switching losses in three-phase voltage source inverters. It combines two simple random schemes, random carrier frequency modulation (RCF-DPWM) and random pulse position modulation (RPP-DPWM). First, the modulating principle of the DRDPWM is presented. Then, the analytical expressions of power spectral density (PSD) that characterize the output voltage of the three-phase inverter are derived. Analytical and simulation results show the effectiveness of PSD spreading of the DRDPWM. Finally, experimental results verify the analytical and simulation results and prove the effectiveness of the DRDPWM scheme in spreading the spectrum compared to simple schemes (RPP-DPWM and RCF-DPWM) and conventional scheme DPWM.

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Spread current spectrum method based on model predictive control with double sampling

2022

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A Random Modulation Spread-Spectrum Digital PWM for a Low System Clock Digital Buck Converter

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Clock Frequency Optimization of a Compensated Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters

Clock Frequency Optimization of a Compensated Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters

Power Spectral Density of Dual Randomized Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation

Spread current spectrum method based on model predictive control with double sampling

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