A randomized, double-blind study of the use of droperidol for conscious sedation during therapeutic endoscopy in difficult to sedate patients

Prediction of Poor Response to Modified Neuroleptanalgesia with Midazolam for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Takimoto et al [20] reported that poor response to midazolam and pentazocine, such as body movement, resulted in discontinuation of the treatment procedure for 27% of patients treated with ESD for early gastric cancer. Cohen et al [21] reported that interruption of the examination caused by poor response to m-NLA with midazolam and meperidine occurred in 32.6% of patients who regularly used ethanol, narcotics or benzodiazepines and underwent endoscopic examination to investigate GI bleeding, diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP or push enteroscopy. Compared with these studies, a higher rate of poor response to sedation was observed in our study.…”

Investigation of Relaxant Effects of Propofol on Sheep Sphincter of Oddi

“…Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of analgesics on biliary pressure [9,11,15] . These studies have suggested that therapeutic doses of morphine and meperidine may cause a marked increase in biliary pressure.…”

“…Although SO relaxation is a desirable situation during ERCP, a sedative agent which does not cause any relaxation or constriction on SO is preferred in SO manometry. There are several in vivo studies on the effect of the various intravenous anesthetics in ERCP and SO manometry [9][10][11] .…”

In vitro effects of intravenous anesthetics on the sphincter of oddi strips of sheep

“…Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of analgesics on biliary pressure [4,[7][8][9] . These studies have suggested that therapeutic doses of morphine and meperidine may cause a marked increase in biliary pressure.…”

“…Although SO relaxation is a desirable situation during ERCP, a sedative agent which does not cause any relaxation or constriction on SO is preferred in SO manometry. There are several in vivo studies on the effect of the various intravenous anesthetics in ERCP and SO manometry [4][5][6][7] . However, there is still debate on the effects of these agents on SO.…”