A randomized evaluation of 15 versus 25 weeks of individual tutoring for children in care

Place-based approaches to improve health and development outcomes in young children: A scoping review

“…Of the 12 initiatives included for analyses, there were five national initiatives: one in Australia, Communities for Children [ 10 , 37 – 39 ]; one in Ireland, the Area Based Childhood (ABC) Programme [ 40 ]; and three in the UK, Sure Start [ 8 , 41 – 46 ], Neighbourhood Nurseries Initiative [ 47 ] and Flying Start [ 48 – 51 ]. There were four state or regional initiatives: one in Australia, Best Start [ 52 – 54 ]; and three in the USA, First Steps (First Steps) to School Readiness [ 55 , 56 ], Smart Start [ 57 , 58 ] and Georgia Family Connection [ 59 ].…”

“…The remainder were national or state demonstration projects which were smaller in scope: one in Canada, Toronto First Duty [ 60 – 63 ]; one in Ireland, National Early Years Access Initiative (NEYAI) [ 64 ]; and one in Scotland, Starting Well [ 65 , 66 ]. Five initiatives commenced between 1990 and 2000 (Sure Start [ 8 , 41 – 46 ], First Steps [ 55 , 56 ], Smart Start [ 57 , 58 ], Georgia Family Connection [ 59 ], Starting Well [ 65 , 66 ]); five between 2001 and 2009 (Communities for Children [ 10 , 37 – 39 ], Neighbourhood Nurseries Initiative [ 47 ], Flying Start [ 48 – 51 ], Best Start [ 52 – 54 ], Toronto First Duty [ 60 – 63 ]); and two after 2010 (ABC Programme [ 40 ], NEYAI [ 64 ]). Key characteristics of the 12 included initiatives are summarised in Table 2 and the initiatives are described in Table 3 .…”

“…There was considerable diversity in the aims of the initiatives and thus in the range of programs and services provided. Some focused primarily on strengthening universal services through ‘joined-up working’ and service integration (ABC Programme [ 40 ], Sure Start [ 8 , 41 – 46 ], Best Start [ 52 – 54 ], Toronto First Duty [ 60 – 63 ], Flying Start [ 48 – 51 ], Starting Well [ 65 , 66 ]), or on improving childcare and kindergarten quality (First Steps [ 55 , 56 ], Smart Start [ 57 , 58 ], NEYAI [ 64 ]). Others focussed more on addressing gaps in current service delivery (Communities for Children [ 10 , 37 – 39 ], Georgia Family Connection [ 59 ], Neighbourhood Nurseries Initiative [ 47 ]).…”

“…Models of service delivery also varied. Some initiatives provided centre-based delivery via children’s centres (Neighbourhood Nurseries Initiative [ 47 ], Toronto First Duty [ 60 – 63 ]), others had a more diffuse model of service delivery in the community (ABC Programme [ 40 ], Communities for Children [ 10 , 37 – 39 ], Georgia Family Connection [ 59 ], Starting Well [ 65 , 66 ]), and some provided a mix of both.…”

“…For Neighbourhood Nurseries Initiative [ 47 ], funding was available to both non-government and privately operated childcare centres. In Ireland, Canada and the USA it was more common for the government to work in partnership with philanthropic and corporate partners with shared responsibilities for funding, governance and implementation (ABC Programme [ 40 ], NEYAI [ 64 ], First Steps [ 55 , 56 ], Smart Start [ 57 , 58 ], Toronto First Duty [ 60 – 63 ], Georgia Family Connection [ 59 ]).…”