A randomized non-inferiority clinical study to assess post-exposure prophylaxis by a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax-S) administered by intramuscular and intradermal routes

Fractional dose of intradermal compared to intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccination - A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Thirty-two studies compared ID immunisation to SC immunisation, and two studies compared ID immunisation to both. The majority of studies was conducted on influenza (n = 5 1) [39–89], HBV (n = 43) [ 17 , [90] , [131] ] and rabies (n = 37) [ 14 , 15 , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , [147] , [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] ] vaccines. The remaining studies were conducted on IPV [ [167] , [168] , [169] , [170] , [171] , [172] , [173] ], measles [ 10 , [174] , [175] , [176] , [177] , [178] ], hepatitis A (HAV) [ [179] , [180] , [181] , [182] ], diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) [ 183 , 184 ], Japanese encephalitis (JE) [ 185 ,…”

“…A total of 37 studies were conducted on rabies vaccines [ 14 , 15 , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , [147] , [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] ]. Since we only considered licensed and available vaccines in this review, only human diploid cell vaccines (HDCV), purified Vero cell rabies vaccines (PVRV) and purified chick embryo cell vaccines (PCECV) were included.…”

“…Eleven studies assessing post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) compared ID to IM immunisation [ [133] , [134] , [135] , 137 , 142 , 148 , 152 , 156 , 159 , 160 , 164 ]; and one study [ 165 ] compared ID to both IM and SC immunisation. Eight studies [ 133 , 137 , 142 , 148 , 152 , 156 , 159 , 160 ] used the Essen regimen (days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28) for IM immunisations, of which seven studies [ 133 , 137 , 148 , 152 , 156 , 159 , 160 ] used the Updated Thai Red Cross regimen (0.1 ml at two sites on days 0, 3, 7 and 28) for ID immunisations. Six studies [ 133 , 134 , 156 , 160 , 164 , 165 ] were conducted on immunogenicity; and three studies [ 134 , 135 , 142 ] reported efficacy.…”

“…Eight studies [ 133 , 137 , 142 , 148 , 152 , 156 , 159 , 160 ] used the Essen regimen (days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28) for IM immunisations, of which seven studies [ 133 , 137 , 148 , 152 , 156 , 159 , 160 ] used the Updated Thai Red Cross regimen (0.1 ml at two sites on days 0, 3, 7 and 28) for ID immunisations. Six studies [ 133 , 134 , 156 , 160 , 164 , 165 ] were conducted on immunogenicity; and three studies [ 134 , 135 , 142 ] reported efficacy. Safety was assessed in eight studies [ [133] , [134] , [135] , 142 , 156 , 160 , 164 , 165 ] and the compliance rate of completing the schedule in two studies [ 152 , 159 ].…”

“…Six studies [ 133 , 134 , 156 , 160 , 164 , 165 ] were conducted on immunogenicity; and three studies [ 134 , 135 , 142 ] reported efficacy. Safety was assessed in eight studies [ [133] , [134] , [135] , 142 , 156 , 160 , 164 , 165 ] and the compliance rate of completing the schedule in two studies [ 152 , 159 ]. Four studies [ 135 , 137 , 148 , 152 ] investigated costs of the different PEP regimens.…”