A Randomized Trial Comparing Fluconazole with Clotrimazole Troches for the Prevention of Fungal Infections in Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Abstract

Fluconazole taken prophylactically reduces the frequency of cryptococcosis, esophageal candidiasis, and superficial fungal infections in HIV-infected patients, especially those with 50 or fewer CD4+ lymphocytes per cubic millimeter, but the drug does not reduce overall mortality.

Mode of Action of a Designed Antimicrobial Peptide: High Potency against Cryptococcus neoformans

“…One-dimensional proton NMR spectra of VG16KRKP at 25 C was carried out on a Bruker Avance III 500 MHz NMR spectrometer (equipped with smart probe), followed by a series of 1D titrations using C. neoformans cell suspensions (OD 600 ¼ 1.0) in same buffer amounting to a final range of~10 7 cells. For live cell STD experiments, a 1 mM VG16KRKP solution was prepared in 10 mM deuterated phosphate buffer of pH 7.2 to rule out the possibility of peptide resonance suppression by water (33,34).…”

“…The current therapeutics approaches mainly include the azole group of drugs (amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and echinocandins, among others). Most of these are limited by their cytotoxic effects on the host, limited efficacy, or development of resistance in the pathogen upon long-term usage (4)(5)(6)(7). In addition, sessile biofilms act as a store house for antibiotic tolerant fungal cells that can lead to persistent systemic infections (8,9).…”

Factors associated with time free of oral candidiasis in children living with HIV/AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil

“…Consequently, a large amount of information has been published on the incidence of thrush and associated factors in periods prior to and following the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using a single episode of thrush per individual as the unit of analysis 10,11,12 . However, the recurrence of this condition is a very common event in clinical practice, as children living with HIV/AIDS often experience numerous episodes throughout their lives.…”

Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in African countries.

“…Fungal disease can be prevented; in a randomized controlled trial in the United States, primary preventive therapy with fluconazole was shown to reduce the incidence of cryptococcal disease, esophageal candidiasis, and superficial fungal infections among HIV-infected individuals, particularly those with CD4 counts less than 50 ϫ 10 6 /L. 68 Fluconazole had no significant effect on mortality in this study, perhaps because of lack of statistical power to detect a difference; mortality rates attributable to fungal disease were low, and the study was not designed to address this issue.…”