A Randomized Trial of Effects of Health Risk Appraisal Combined With Group Sessions or Home Visits on Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults

Abstract

HRA-O combined with physician training and personal reinforcement had favorable effects on preventive care use and health behavior.

Screening for impaired vision in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in primary care settings

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The RCTs were conducted in Norway, 19 Germany, 20 the United Kingdom, 19 and an insurance company registry. 27 The number of participants in the trials ranged from 93 to 4340.…”

“…In the 11 RCTs in which age was reported, the average age of participants was 78.5 years. In the remaining 4 RCTs, participant eligibility was specified as at least 70 years of age, 23,24 at least 75 years of age, 20 or 74 to 84 years of age. 30 In the 11 RCTs 19,20,22,[25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33] that reported sex, 63% of participants were female.…”

“…In 13 RCTs, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]27,[29][30][31][32][33] vision screening took place within a broader assessment of multiple health and functional domains, whereas in two RCTs, 26,28 vision screening was the only intervention provided. The two types of screening approaches (used alone or in combination) were self-report of visual function using a questionnaire and objective vision testing using one or more charts.…”

“…The two types of screening approaches (used alone or in combination) were self-report of visual function using a questionnaire and objective vision testing using one or more charts. In three RCTs, 20,25,33 the screening test consisted of a questionnaire-based impairment test. In two RCTs, 29,30 a questionnaire was followed by eye testing with a Snellen chart for patients who reported a problem.…”

“…In seven RCTs, 19,[21][22][23][24]29,30 screening was done by a nurse; in four, [25][26][27][28]32 by another trained individual; and in one, 31 by a physician. In the three remaining RCTs, 20,25,33 patients were asked to mail in a questionnaire designed to identify indicators of potential visual impairment.…”