A rapid and reliable method for genetic sex identification in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Wei, Jin-Liang; Cong, Jing-Jing; Sun, Zhihui; Jiang, Song; Zhao, Chong; Chang, Yaqing

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737021

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…GSD with XX/XY or ZZ/ZW system has been widely identified in fish species, such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Wu et al, 1990), yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) (Liu et al, 2013b;Wang et al, 2009a), Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) (Pan et al, 2015), Lanzhou catfish (Silurus lanzhouensis) (Wang et al, 2021), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Li et al, 2015), Northern pike (Esox lucius) (Pan et al, 2019), half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) (Chen et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2017), oyster pompano (Trachinotus anak) (Fan et al, 2021), and Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) (Ruan et al, 2021) (Figure 1 and Table 1). GSD has also been detected in other aquaculture animals, including turtles (Montiel et al, 2016), frogs (Flament, 2016;Wallace et al, 1999;Yoshimoto et al, 2008), sea urchins (Lipani et al, 1996), sea cucumbers (Wei et al, 2021), crabs (Fang et al, 2020;Shi et al, 2018;Waiho et al, 2019), lobsters (Chandler et al, 2017), and shellfish (Guo and Allen, 1994;Luo et al, 2021) (Figure 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Genotypic Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

Mei

et al. 2022

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Aquaculture is one of the most efficient modes of animal protein production and plays an important role in global food security. Aquaculture animals exhibit extraordinarily diverse sexual phenotypes and underlying mechanisms, providing an ideal system to perform sex determination research, one of the important areas in life science. Moreover, sex is also one of the most valuable traits because sexual dimorphism in growth, size, and other economic characteristics commonly exist in aquaculture animals. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of sex determination mechanisms, sex chromosome evolution, reproduction strategies, and sexual dimorphism, and also review several approaches for sex control in aquaculture animals, including artificial gynogenesis, application of sex-specific or sex chromosome-linked markers, artificial sex reversal, as well as gene editing. We anticipate that better understanding of sex determination mechanisms and innovation of sex control approaches will facilitate sustainable development of aquaculture.

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Section: Genotypic Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

Mei

et al. 2022

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…Three different dsRNAs were designed for each gene to ensure interference efficiency. The genetic sex of each sea cucumber was determined according to a previous report ( Wei et al, 2021 ). In briefly, the tube feet tissues were used to extract genomic DNA by alkaline lysis method, then male-specific primers were used to amplify the male specific DNA marker, one specific band was amplified in males, but not in females.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the female sea cucumber, the male might have an advantage in terms of immunocompetence ( Jiang et al, 2017 ; Jiang et al, 2019 ). Recently, several genes related to gonadal development have been identified, such as piwi ( Sun et al, 2021 ), vasa ( Yan M. et al, 2013 ) and foxl2 ( Sun et al, 2022 ), and a hypothetical XX/XY sex determination system has been proposed ( Wei et al, 2021 ). However, the mechanisms underlying sex determination and sex differentiation in the sea cucumber remain a mystery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and functional analysis of Dmrt1 gene and the SoxE gene in the sexual development of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Liu

Cong²,

Su³

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Members of the Doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family handle various vital functions in several biological processes, including sex determination/differentiation and gonad development. Dmrt1 and Sox9 (SoxE in invertebrates) exhibit a very conserved interaction function during testis formation in vertebrates. However, the dynamic expression pattern and functional roles of the Dmrt gene family and SoxE have not yet been identified in any echinoderm species. Herein, five members of the Dmrt gene family (Dmrt1, 2, 3a, 3b and 5) and the ancestor SoxE gene were identified from the genome of Apostichopus japonicus. Expression studies of Dmrt family genes and SoxE in different tissues of adult males and females revealed different expression patterns of each gene. Transcription of Dmrt2, Dmrt3a and Dmrt3b was higher expressed in the tube feet and coelomocytes instead of in gonadal tissues. The expression of Dmrt1 was found to be sustained throughout spermatogenesis. Knocking-down of Dmrt1 by means of RNA interference (RNAi) led to the downregulation of SoxE and upregulation of the ovarian regulator foxl2 in the testes. This indicates that Dmrt1 may be a positive regulator of SoxE and may play a role in the development of the testes in the sea cucumber. The expression level of SoxE was higher in the ovaries than in the testes, and knocking down of SoxE by RNAi reduced SoxE and Dmrt1 expression but conversely increased the expression of foxl2 in the testes. In summary, this study indicates that Dmrt1 and SoxE are indispensable for testicular differentiation, and SoxE might play a functional role during ovary differentiation in the sea cucumber.

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“…In crab species, sex-specific SNPs were identified via RAD-seq, and a WZ/ZZ sex determination system was suggested based on male homogamety and female heterogamety in those sex-specific SNP loci ( 13 ). Sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) also belongs to Echinodermata, a male-specific DNA fragment was verified, and a rapid genetic identifying method was developed by sex-specific primer design coupled with PCR amplification ( 14 ). Therefore, sex-specific molecular markers obtained by RAD-seq will be helpful in revealing the genetic basis of sex determination and improving breeding efficiency because genetic sex could be identified at early developmental stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of SNP in Genetic Sex Identification and Effect of Estradiol on Gene Expression of Sex-Related Genes in Strongylocentrotus intermedius

et al. 2021

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Sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) is an economically important mariculture species in Asia, and its gonads are the only edible part. The efficiency of genetic breeding in sea urchins is hampered due to the inability to distinguish gender by appearance. In this study, we first identified a sex-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by combining type IIB endonuclease restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (2b-RAD-seq) and genome survey. Importantly, this SNP is located within spata4, a gene specifically expressed in male. Knocking down of spata4 by RNA interference (RNAi) in male individuals led to the downregulation of other conserved testis differentiation-related genes and germ cell marker genes. We also revealed that sex ratio in this validated culture population of S. intermedius is not 1:1. Moreover, after a 58-day feeding experiment with estradiol, the expression levels of several conserved genes that are related to testis differentiation, ovary differentiation, and estrogen metabolism were dynamically changed. Taken together, our results will contribute toward improving breeding efficiency, developing sex-controlled breeding, and providing a solid base for understanding sex determination mechanisms in sea urchins.

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A rapid and reliable method for genetic sex identification in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals

Identification and functional analysis of Dmrt1 gene and the SoxE gene in the sexual development of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Application of SNP in Genetic Sex Identification and Effect of Estradiol on Gene Expression of Sex-Related Genes in Strongylocentrotus intermedius

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