A rapid blood test to monitor the immune status change of dairy cows and to evaluate their disease risk during the periparturient period

Tsai, Chia-Yu; Hassan, Rick; Hung, Hao-Che; Weber, Tanya; Price, William J.; Rezamand, Pedram; Huo, Qun

doi:10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100078

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there have been some drawbacks with the adoption of this concept, including poor communication between the veterinarian and the farmer and a lack of detailed clarification concerning which herd data should be analysed [5][6][7]. Therefore, it is now also proposed to introduce inexpensive and simple point-of-care tests which would provide more information about the health of animals [5,6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Fibrinogen Concentration Be a Useful Indicator of Cattle Herd Health Status? Approaches to Setting Reference Values

et al. 2023

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Fibrinogen is used in the diagnosis of inflammation as an acute phase protein. The research objective set by the authors of this study was to assess the applicability of fibrinogen concentration measurement in the blood plasma of the peak of lactating dairy cows through the evaluation of the reference values by using the functional PT-derived (Prothrombin Time-derived) method. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 259 HF (Holstein-Friesian) and white-backed cows. The animals were clinically healthy. Fibrinogen concentration was determined by automated PT-derived method. Fibrinogen concentrations were calculated as the mean of duplicate samples. Samples with differences between duplicate results greater than 5% were rejected. Results: In the group of HF cows, the average fibrinogen concentration was 11.75 ± 4.80 g/L. In white-backed cows, it was 9.53 ± 4.79 g/L. At total of 76.01% of the results of the fibrinogen concentration in HF cows and 82.05% of the results obtained in the group of white-backed cows were within the ±1 SD (Standard Deviation) range. Conclusions: Based on our own research, the PT-derived method may be applied in order to determine the concentration of fibrinogen in cattle herds in animal health monitoring studies. An individual laboratory should focus more on verifying reference intervals established elsewhere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Fibrinogen Concentration Be a Useful Indicator of Cattle Herd Health Status? Approaches to Setting Reference Values

et al. 2023

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“…This immune balance is characterized by a shift toward type 2-biased immunity in the cow adaptative immune response, which is characterized by a larger Th2 cell response, increased monocytes and dendritic cells in the endometrial stroma, and M2 activated macrophages, which secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, TGF-b) to decrease activation of anti-conceptus immunity ( Vlasova and Saif, 2021 ). It has been suggested that cows experience a shift from type 2-biased immunity to type 1-biased immunity shortly after calving ( Tsai et al, 2021 ). In this immune balance, there is a larger response of Th1 cells, which is targeted to protect the animal against infectious agents instead of creating immune tolerance for the developing fetus ( Vlasova and Saif, 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The D2Dx immunity test (Nano Discovery Inc.) is a rapid blood test that is used to measure the humoral immune status in farm animals ( Zheng et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Deb et al, 2021 ; Tsai et al, 2021 ). The test detects the humoral immune response of a blood serum sample in the presence of a nanoparticle pseudo-pathogen probe in vitro.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A collective interaction of major immune molecules including IgG, IgM, and complement proteins with the nanoparticle pseudo-pathogen probe leads to a color change of the nanoparticle solution, and this color change is detected and correlated with the humoral immune status of the animal ( Zheng et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, the nanoparticle probe is designed to distinguish type 1 versus type 2 immunity based on the differential interaction between type 1 immunity-related IgG subclasses and type 2 immunity-related IgG subclasses with the nanoparticle probe ( Zheng et al, 2020 ; Deb et al, 2021 ; Tsai et al, 2021 ). A type 1-biased immunity leads to higher D2Dx scores, whereas a type 2-biased immunity leads to lower D2Dx scores.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be able to detect a difference of 0.005 in absorbance (healthy vs. diseased groups at 14 DIM; Tsai et al, 2021 ) between study groups, with adequate statistical power (1 − β = 0.8) and significance (α = 0.05), a sample size of 16 dairy cows per group (total of 48 animals) was required. This randomized complete block design was analyzed using the SAS statistical software (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the effects of prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test

Spring,

Huo,

Jimenez

et al. 2024

JDS Communications

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Graphical Abstract Summary During the transition period, cows experience systemic inflammatory processes necessary for physiological events related to calving; however, an exacerbated inflammatory response could increase the risk of developing diseases and poor performance. Postpartum anti-inflammatory treatments have been proposed as an alternative to modulating this inflammatory response. Moreover, prepartum anti-inflammatory strategies have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of prepartum administration of anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test (D2Dx immunity test) and identify correlations between the rapid blood test scores and daily milk yield in Holstein dairy cows. Cows treated with acetylsalicylic acid and meloxicam had higher type 1/type 2 immunity ratios around calving compared with placebo animals. These results suggest that prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies may cause an increased shift in type 1 immunity around calving, which may be associated with stronger immunity.

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A 1-minute blood test detects decreased immune function and increased clinical risk in COVID-19 patients

Deb

Salinas

Zheng³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.

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A rapid blood test to monitor the immune status change of dairy cows and to evaluate their disease risk during the periparturient period

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Could Fibrinogen Concentration Be a Useful Indicator of Cattle Herd Health Status? Approaches to Setting Reference Values

Could Fibrinogen Concentration Be a Useful Indicator of Cattle Herd Health Status? Approaches to Setting Reference Values

Assessment of the effects of prepartum anti-inflammatory therapies on type 1/type 2 immunity ratio using a rapid blood test

A 1-minute blood test detects decreased immune function and increased clinical risk in COVID-19 patients

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