A rapid change in phosphorylation on tyrosine accompanies fertilization of sea urchin eggs

Ciapa, Brigitte; Epel, David

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)81410-a

Cited by 84 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2B). The MGBG enhanced labeling of specific protein bands 1.2-to 3.5-fold, which was similar to the increase in fertilized eggs (Ciapa & Epel 1991 In prior studies with starfish (Meijer & Guerrier 1983) and Xenopus (Stith et al 1996) oocytes, the addition of aminoguanides to the media stimulated cellular responses. In unfertilized sea urchin eggs no sign of egg activation was observed with the addition of 1-20 mM metformin or MGBG to the ASW bath, and the presence of the biguanides in ASW did not appear to affect the fertilization response with subsequent insemination.…”

Section: Aminoguanide Stimulation Of Ptk Activity In Egg Cscsupporting

confidence: 62%

Protein tyrosine kinase‐dependent release of intracellular calcium in the sea urchin egg

1999

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The aminoguanide, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), was shown to stimulate phosphorylation of RR-SRC, a synthetic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) substrate, and different levels of tyrosyl phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in a sea urchin egg membrane-cortex preparation. Stimulating protein tyrosine kinase activity in the sea urchin egg stimulated intracellular Ca 2+ release, because microinjection of 1-5 mM of MGBG into unfertilized eggs triggered a transient rise in intracellular Ca 2+ activity ([Ca 2+ ]i) after a brief latent period. Pretreating eggs with PTK-specific inhibitors, genistein or tyrphostin B42, significantly inhibited the MGBG-induced rise in [Ca 2+ ]i. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) stimulation of PTK activities in the unfertilized sea urchin egg appeared to trigger Ca 2+ release through phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) production. The MGBG-induced Ca 2+ response could be suppressed in eggs preloaded with the InsP3 receptor antagonist, heparin, and was reduced in eggs pretreated with U73122, a PLC inhibitor. However, the response was unchanged in eggs treated with nicotinamide, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyl cyclase, or nifedipine, an inhibitor of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate activity. These results suggest that MGBG may be useful as a chemical agonist of PTK in sea urchin eggs and allow direct testing of the PTK requirement for the transient rise in [Ca 2+ ]i in sea urchin eggs during fertilization. Although genistein was observed to significantly delay the onset, the sperm-induced Ca 2+ response in PTK inhibitor-loaded eggs otherwise appeared normal. Therefore, it was concluded that sea urchin eggs contain a PTK-dependent pathway that can mediate intracellular Ca 2+ release, but PTK activity does not appear to be required for the fertilization response.

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Section: Aminoguanide Stimulation Of Ptk Activity In Egg Cscsupporting

confidence: 62%

Protein tyrosine kinase‐dependent release of intracellular calcium in the sea urchin egg

1999

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“…Tyrosine kinase activity has been demonstrated in sea urchin eggs following fertilization [38,39] and stimulation of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity induces a calcium wave in Xenopus eggs [40]. In mouse oocytes, fertilization results in the increased phosphorylation of a set of proteins, p r e d o m i n a n t l y o n t yr o s i n e r e s i d u e s [ 4 1 ] .…”

Section: Receptor-mediated Signalling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Release at Fertilization: Artificially Mimicking the Oocyte's Response to Sperm.

Grupen¹,

Nottle²,

Nagashima

2002

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The mechanism of sperm-induced calcium release has been the subject of many studies since the development in the late 1950s of in vitro culture systems that support mammalian fertilization. Despite efforts to elucidate the nature of the signal from the sperm that triggers both the early and late events of oocyte activation, the precise mechanism remains unresolved. Now, with the advent of somatic nuclear transfer technologies, the need to better understand this unique process has been recognised. Nuclear transfer embryos must be induced to commence development artificially because the activating signal from the sperm is absent. The primary activating stimulus is a large increase in the concentration of intracellular-free calcium and numerous physical and chemical treatments have been found to induce calcium changes that initiate the events of oocyte activation. Although live cloned offspring have been produced in a number of species, the overall efficiencies of the nuclear transfer procedures described thus far are unacceptably low and phenotypic anomalies are common. With the aim of improving these efficiencies, researchers are developing artificial activation treatments which induce oocyte responses that mimic those induced by fertilizing sperm. One strategy is to replicate the pattern of calcium change more closely. Another strategy is to couple an activating stimulus with treatments that inhibit maturation (or M-phase) promoting factor (MPF) activity, which regulates meiotic progression in oocytes. This paper reviews what is understood of calcium release at fertilization and describes the treatments that have been used to induce oocyte activation artificially in parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer studies. The relative effectiveness of the strategies employed to mimic the oocyte's response to sperm are discussed. Key words: Oocyte activation, Fertilization, Parthenogenesis, Nuclear transfer (J. Reprod. Dev. 48: 2002) o produce a viable embryo at fertilization, the s p e r m n o t o n l y p r o v i d e s t h e m a l e chromosomal complement, but also the stimulus that initiates development. The mechanism by which the activating signal is transmitted from the sperm to the oocyte is not fully clarified, but it is clear that this signal triggers a large increase in the concentration of intracellular-free calcium. In fertilized sea urchin and Xenopus eggs, the calcium increase takes the form of a propagating wave that originates at the point of sperm attachment and traverses the egg at a velocity of 5 to 10 µm/sec

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“…Given that early embryos of sea urchin, similar to rapidly proliferating cancer cells, undergo several cycles of very fast cell division, that is, cleavage, it seems to be natural that they employ high PTK activity. Further detailed studies by Kinsey's group and some other researchers (including us) using sea urchins and other animal species, however, highlighted facts of specifi c importance in this cellular system, that PTK activity is rapidly and transiently activated in response to fertilization, or more precisely, gamete interaction (Abassi and Foltz 1994 ;Ciapa and Epel 1991 ;Kamel et al 1986 ;Ribot et al 1984 ;Sato et al 1996 ;Wu and Kinsey 2000 ), and that the activated PTK may be responsible for sperm-induced increase(s) in calcium concentrations within the fertilized eggs, whose occurrence is believed to be indispensable for the subsequent initiation of embryonic development, in other words, "egg activation" (Giusti et al 1999 ;Kinsey and Shen 2000 ;Runft and Jaffe 2000 ;Sato et al 2000 ).…”

Section: Src Ptk Signaling and Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused Proteomics on Egg Membrane Microdomains to Elucidate the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis

Sato

Hasan

Ijiri

2014

Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants

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Involvement of protein tyrosine kinase-dependent signal transduction (PTK signaling) in fertilization was initially demonstrated by studies using sea invertebrates: namely, an increase of tyrosine phosphorylation in egg or embryo proteins is shown to occur within minutes after gamete interaction. Among vertebrate species so far studied are fi sh, frog, and some mammalian species in which the importance of PTK signaling for fertilization or activation of development has been shown. In this review chapter, we summarize our experimental data that explore the role played by the tyrosine kinase Src in fertilization of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis . In addition, we introduce our recent approaches that focus on the structure and function of egg membrane microdomains (MDs), where the Src PTK signaling machinery is organized. Finally, we propose a hypothesis that gamete membrane interaction at fertilization is accompanied by mutual signaling cross-talk between egg and sperm using the egg MDs as scaffolds and discuss the versatility of our hypothesis in general understanding of the sexual reproduction mechanism.

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A rapid change in phosphorylation on tyrosine accompanies fertilization of sea urchin eggs

Cited by 84 publications

References 23 publications

Protein tyrosine kinase‐dependent release of intracellular calcium in the sea urchin egg

Protein tyrosine kinase‐dependent release of intracellular calcium in the sea urchin egg

Calcium Release at Fertilization: Artificially Mimicking the Oocyte's Response to Sperm.

Focused Proteomics on Egg Membrane Microdomains to Elucidate the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis

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