A rapid colorimetric assay for serum lactic dehyurogenase

Babson, Arthur L.; Phillips, George E.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(65)90032-x

Cited by 150 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…HDL-TC and HDL-PL in the serum were separated by the dextran sulfate magnesium precipitation method (16). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and trans aminase (GOT, GPT) were determined by colorimetric methods (LDH-C II Test, Trans aminase-C Test) (17,18). Total protein (TP) and albumin in the serum were determined by the Biuret method (19) and the bromocrezole green method (A/G Test) (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of .GAMMA.-oryzanol and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester on cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

et al. 1987

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Abstract-Hypolipidemic effects of r-oryzanol (OZ) and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester (CAF) on the hyperlipidemia induced by ingestion of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The test drugs were given orally and intravenously, daily for 12 days with the HCD feeding. The oral administration with OZ and CAF at 100 mg/kg daily for 6 or 12 days did not ap parently prevent the hyperlipidemia induced by HCD-feeding. The intravenous administrations with OZ and CAF at 10 mg/kg for 6 days significantly inhibited the increases in serum total cholesterol (TC), phospholipid (PL) and free cholesterol by HCD. OZ and CAF did not inhibit the decreases of TC in high density lipoprotein (HDL-TC) and HDL-PL by HCD. The increases of atherogenic index ([TC-HDL TC]/[HDL-TC] and [PL-HDL-PL]/[HDL-PL]) with the HCD feeding were reducedby the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF. Triglyceride , nonesterified fatty acid, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase (GOT and GPT) markedly decreased below the control level by the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF for 12 days. These results suggest that the intravenous administrations of OZ and CAF may have accelerated the excretion of lipids in the blood.The hypolipidemic effect of the usual type of r-oryzanol has been reported by some workers (1-5). The usual type of r-oryzanol is a ferulic acid ester of cycloartenol, 24 methylene cycloartenol, cyclobranol and other sterols. We have previously reported the hypolipidemic effect of the usual type of r-oryzanol as compared to the effect of r oryzanol (OZ) with a sterol composition different from that of the usual type in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rats (6). The inhibition of total cholesterol (TC) increase by the administration of OZ was weaker than that of the usual r-oryzanol, but the inhibition of free cholesterol (FC) and triglyceride (TG) increases and increase of TC in high density lipoprotein (HDL-TC) by OZ were more potent than those of the usual r oryzanol, and it may be due to the concen tration of cycloartenol as an inclusive ratio of sterols (6). The present study was designed to test this hypothesis, and the effects of cycloartenol ferulic acid ester (CAF) were compared with OZ.On the other hand, the intestinal absorp tion of vegetable sterols such as soysterol are markedly lower; therefore, it has been considered that the hypolipidemic mechanism of these sterols was the inhibition of lipid absorption in the intestine (7). Moreover , Gerson et al. (8) have reported that the intraperitoneal administration of Q-sitosterol (type of vegetable sterols) increased the lipid excretion from the blood. OZ and CAF , which are types of vegetable sterols, may have the similar effects to Q-sitosterol on the lipid metabolism. Therefore, the hypolipidemic effects of the intravenous administration of OZ or CAF on the HCD induced hyper lipidemia in rats were investigated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of .GAMMA.-oryzanol and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester on cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

et al. 1987

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“…The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was centrifuged (4,578xg (RCF), 10 min, 4°C), and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was analyzed, and biochemical parameters-the lactate dehydrogenase activity (29), the alkaline phosphatase activity (25) and the total protein (30,31)-were evaluated using commercial kits (Roche Diagnóstica®). Previous work demonstrated that 4 h is an adequate time interval to assess membrane toxicity (30).…”

Section: In Vivo Lung Toxicity Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Chitosan Microcapsules for Pulmonary Delivery of Dapsone: Characterization, Aerosol Performance, and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a major opportunistic infection that affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Although orally administered dapsone leads to high hepatic metabolism, decreasing the therapeutic index and causing severe side effects, this drug is an effective alternative for the treatment of PCP. In this context, microencapsulation for pulmonary administration can offer an alternative to increase the bioavailability of dapsone, reducing its adverse effects. The aim of this work was to develop novel dapsone-loaded chitosan microcapsules intended for deep-lung aerosolized drug delivery. The geometric particle size (D 4,3 ) was approximately 7 μm, the calculated aerodynamic diameter (d aero ) was approximately 4.5 μm, and the mass median aerodynamic diameter from an Andersen cascade impactor was 4.7 μm. The in vitro dissolution profile showed an efficient dapsone encapsulation, demonstrating the sustained release of the drug. The in vitro deposition (measured by the Andersen cascade impactor) showed an adequate distribution and a high fine particles fraction (FPF= 50%). Scanning electron microscopy of the pulmonary tissues demonstrated an adequate deposition of these particles in the deepest part of the lung. An in vivo toxicity experiment showed the low toxicity of the drug-loaded microcapsules, indicating a protective effect of the microencapsulation process when the particles are microencapsulated. In conclusion, the pulmonary administration of the novel dapsone-loaded microcapsules could be a promising alternative for PCP treatment.

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“…The total numbers of cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were evaluated for the BALF pooled from each rat. The LDH activity was measured with an LDH C II-test kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) by the lactate matrix method 21) . The concentration of total protein in BALF was assessed by the Lowry 22) method.…”

Section: Dose-responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Toxicity of Standard Nickel and Ultrafine Nickel in Lung after Intratracheal Instillation

Zhang

Kusaka

Zhu

et al. 2003

Journal of Occupational Health

158

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Comparative Toxicity of Standard Nickel and Ultrafine Nickel in Lung after Intratracheal Instillation: Qunwei ZHANG, et al.; Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, FukuiMedical University-A comparison was made of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) response to ultrafine nickel (Uf-Ni) and standard-sized nickel (StdNi). Rats were intratracheally instilled with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg Uf-Ni and Std-Ni, respectively. At 3 d after instillation, the body weight and wet lung weight were determined. At the same time, BALF was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein (TP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and total cell and differential cell counts. The results showed that indicators of lung injury and inflammation in BALF were markedly raised with increased Uf-Ni and Std-Ni for each from 0 to 1 mg, and there were no differences in the indices between instillation of Uf-Ni at 1 mg and 5 mg. The results also showed that the effects of Uf-Ni on the indices were significantly higher than those of Std-Ni. Additional groups of rats were intratracheally instilled with 1 mg of Uf-Ni or Std-Ni, and wet lung weight and BALF profiles were analyzed at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 d later. The effect of Uf-Ni and Std-Ni on indices that can be presumed to reflect epithelial injury and p e r m e a b i l i t y ( L D H o r T P ) , a n d r e l e a s e o f proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) were increased throughout the 30 d post-exposure and the effects of Uf-Ni on these indices were significantly higher than those of Std-Ni from 1 to 30 d after instillation. Moreover, the number of neutrophils and LDH activity in BALF of rats after exposure to Uf-Ni were significantly Received May 10, 2002; Accepted Oct 7, 2002 Correspondence to: Y. Kusaka, Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-1193 greater than those of Std-Ni-exposed rats up to 30 d after instillation. Our findings suggest that Uf-Ni has a much more toxic effect on the lung than St-Ni, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. (J Occup Health 2003; 45: 23-30)

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A rapid colorimetric assay for serum lactic dehyurogenase

Cited by 150 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of .GAMMA.-oryzanol and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester on cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

Effects of .GAMMA.-oryzanol and cycloartenol ferulic acid ester on cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

Development of Novel Chitosan Microcapsules for Pulmonary Delivery of Dapsone: Characterization, Aerosol Performance, and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation

Comparative Toxicity of Standard Nickel and Ultrafine Nickel in Lung after Intratracheal Instillation

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