A Rapid Field Soil Characterization System

Gamache, Ronald W.; Kianirad, Ehsan

doi:10.1061/40972(311)39

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…While producing results faster than the standard oven, the microwave oven test still requires removal of the soil from the field and analysis in a facility with a power supply for the microwave, capabilities often unavailable in field applications. More recently, devices based on measuring electrical properties of the soil have emerged (Gamache et al 2009;Freeman et al 2008). These new technologies include Time Domain Reflectometery (TDR) and Dielectrics (DI).…”

Section: Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Device Comparison for Determining Field Soil Moisture Content

Berney¹,

Kyzar²,

Oyelami³

2011

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Section: Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Device Comparison for Determining Field Soil Moisture Content

Berney¹,

Kyzar²,

Oyelami³

2011

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“…The SFMR high incidence angle measurements experiment includes collecting SFMR data at several different specified incidence angles (specifically aircraft roll angles) over a minimum of three consecutive circles in rain-free conditions for a wide range of wind speeds (Gamache et al 2008;Reasor et al 2014). The primary incidence angles flown in the tropical cyclones that this study investigates are 158, 308, and 458.…”

Section: Field Experiments and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Nadir SFMR Brightness Temperature Measurements in High-Wind Conditions

Holbach

Uhlhorn

Bourassa

2018

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Wind and wave-breaking directions are investigated as potential sources of an asymmetry identified in off-nadir remotely sensed measurements of ocean surface brightness temperatures obtained by the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) in high-wind conditions, including in tropical cyclones. Surface wind speed, which dynamically couples the atmosphere and ocean, can be inferred from SFMR ocean surface brightness temperature measurements using a radiative transfer model and an inversion algorithm. The accuracy of the ocean surface brightness temperature to wind speed calibration relies on accurate knowledge of the surface variables that are influencing the ocean surface brightness temperature. Previous studies have identified wind direction signals in horizontally polarized radiometer measurements in low to moderate (0–20 m s−1) wind conditions over a wide range of incidence angles. This study finds that the azimuthal asymmetry in the off-nadir SFMR brightness temperature measurements is also likely a function of wind direction and extends the results of these previous studies to high-wind conditions. The off-nadir measurements from the SFMR provide critical data for improving the understanding of the relationships between brightness temperature, surface wave–breaking direction, and surface wind vectors at various incidence angles, which is extremely useful for the development of geophysical model functions for instruments like the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD).

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“…Both the sand cone and the water balloon density tests have American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) certification as density methods. Recently, devices based on measuring electrical properties of the soil have emerged (Gamache et al 2009 andFreeman et al 2010). These new technologies, most with already accepted ASTM standards, include Time Domain Reflectometery (TDR) and Dielectrics (DI).…”

Section: Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SDG performs a calculation on the measurement data that enables the device to report the soil's density and moisture content (TransTech Systems, Inc.). A known moisture and density reading on the soil of interest is required as an initial condition from which to calibrate the measured soil density and moisture content values (Gamache et al 2009).…”

Section: Soil Density Gauge (Sdg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Nuclear Alternatives to Monitoring Moisture-Density Response in Soils

Berney¹,

Mejías-Santiago²,

Kyzar³

2013

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During the period May-August 2010, researchers of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg, MS, tested the effectiveness of various devices to determine the dry density, or modulus, of soils for horizontal construction. These tests were conducted to determine a usable alternative to the soil nuclear density gauge. The accuracy and precision of the different testing devices were compared to the density values obtained from the soil nuclear density gauge. The devices and techniques that were tested are grouped into four broad families: nuclear, electrical, volume replacement, and modulus-based. The nuclear device was the nuclear density gauge that was included for comparison purposes. Electrical devices that were tested were the electrical density gauge, the moisture + density indicator, and the soil density gauge. Volume replacement densitydetermining techniques; were the sand cone, the steel shot, and the water balloon tests. Modulus-based devices were two different lightweight deflectometers, a dynamic cone penetrometer, the Clegg Hammer, and the GeoGauge. This investigation consisted of full-scale construction of seven soils representing a range of materials encountered in operational construction activities. Soils ranged from fine-grained silts and clays to coarsegrained gravels and crushed limestone. The test results indicated that the soil density gauge corrected with a sand cone density measurement, demonstrated the optimal combination of precision and accuracy compared to the nuclear density gauge. Results of the tests are presented and include (a) comparisons of the dry densities of the various devices to the reported dry densities of the nuclear gauge, (b) ranking of the density devices according to agreement with the nuclear density gauge, and (c) field results of modulus-based devices. Results will be used to provide further guidance for selection of appropriate devices for field determination of soil density. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

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A Rapid Field Soil Characterization System

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Device Comparison for Determining Field Soil Moisture Content

Device Comparison for Determining Field Soil Moisture Content

Off-Nadir SFMR Brightness Temperature Measurements in High-Wind Conditions

Non-Nuclear Alternatives to Monitoring Moisture-Density Response in Soils

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