A rapid LC-MS/MS method for multi-class identification and quantification of cyanotoxins

Jacinavicius, Fernanda Rios; Valverde Campos, Thaíssa Giovanna; Passos, Larissa Souza; Pinto, Ernani; Geraldes, Vanessa

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107282

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Other, total concentrations found for MCs range between 0.1-220 µg/L, and between 0.06-1400 µg/L as free toxins. Saxitoxins, mostly represented by the main analogue, STX, as described in section 2.2, were generally present in concentrations below 25 µg/L, although higher concentrations were measured at three sites 63 and 420 µg/L (site 17-21 and 17-22), including the highest concentration found för STX, 1890 µg/L (site [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. CYN was detected in concentrations up to 9.5 µg/L (site 17-37), while ATXs were present up to 4.2 µg/L (Så1), of which hATX was detected in five samples and always at levels ≤LOQ of the method (up to 0.1 µg/L, calculated as average of three samplings within the same cyanobloom).…”

Section: Cyanotoxin Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, mass spectrometry (MS) based methods have become more commonly applied in the analysis of cyanotoxins in recent years compared to other techniques [29][30][31][32][33], where Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) has been most often preferred in the detection with quantification of cyanotoxins in various sample matrices [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms From Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Dirks,

Cappelli,

Blomqvist

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Drinking Water Directive (EU) 2020/2184 includes the parameter microcystin-LR, a cyanotoxin, which drinking water producers need to analyze if the water source has potential for cyanobacterial blooms. In light of the increasing occurrences of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide and given that more than 50 percent of the drinking water in Sweden is produced from surface water, both fresh and brackish, the need for improved knowledge about cyanotoxin occurrence and cyanobacterial diversity has increased. In this study a total of 98 cyanobacterial blooms were sampled in 2016-2017 and identified regarding their toxin production and taxonomical compositions. The surface water samples from freshwater lakes throughout Sweden including brackish water from 8 east coast locations along the Baltic Sea were analyzed for their toxin content with LC-MS/MS and taxonomic composition with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Both the extracellular and the total toxin content was analyzed. Microcystin´s prevalence was highest with presence in 82% of blooms, of which as free toxins in 39% of blooms. Saxitoxins were found in 36% of blooms in which the congener decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) was detected for the first time in Swedish surface waters at four sampling sites. Anatoxins were most rarely detected, followed by cylindrospermopsin, which were found in 6% and 10% of samples, respectively. As expected, nodularin was detected in samples collected from the Baltic Sea only. The cyanobacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) with the highest abundance and prevalence could be annotated to Aphanizomenon NIES-81 and the second most profuse cyanobacterial taxon to Microcystis PCC-7914. In addition, two correlations were found, one between Aphanizomenon NIES-81 and saxitoxins and another between Microcystis PCC-7914 and microcystins. This study is of value to drinking water management and scientists involved in recognizing and controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms.

show abstract

Section: Cyanotoxin Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms From Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Dirks,

Cappelli,

Blomqvist

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have become more commonly applied in the analysis of cyanotoxins in recent years compared to other techniques [29][30][31][32][33], where Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) has been most often preferred for detection with the quantification of cyanotoxins in various sample matrices [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms from Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Dirks,

Cappelli,

Blomqvist

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Drinking Water Directive (EU) 2020/2184 includes the parameter microcystin LR, a cyanotoxin, which drinking water producers need to analyze if the water source has potential for cyanobacterial blooms. In light of the increasing occurrences of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide and given that more than 50 percent of the drinking water in Sweden is produced from surface water, both fresh and brackish, the need for improved knowledge about cyanotoxin occurrence and cyanobacterial diversity has increased. In this study, a total of 98 cyanobacterial blooms were sampled in 2016–2017 and identified based on their toxin production and taxonomical compositions. The surface water samples from freshwater lakes throughout Sweden including brackish water from eight east coast locations along the Baltic Sea were analyzed for their toxin content with LC-MS/MS and taxonomic composition with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Both the extracellular and the total toxin content were analyzed. Microcystin’s prevalence was highest with presence in 82% of blooms, of which as a free toxin in 39% of blooms. Saxitoxins were found in 36% of blooms in which the congener decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) was detected for the first time in Swedish surface waters at four sampling sites. Anatoxins were most rarely detected, followed by cylindrospermopsin, which were found in 6% and 10% of samples, respectively. As expected, nodularin was detected in samples collected from the Baltic Sea only. The cyanobacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with the highest abundance and prevalence could be annotated to Aphanizomenon NIES-81 and the second most profuse cyanobacterial taxon to Microcystis PCC 7914. In addition, two correlations were found, one between Aphanizomenon NIES-81 and saxitoxins and another between Microcystis PCC 7914 and microcystins. This study is of value to drinking water management and scientists involved in recognizing and controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms.

show abstract

Multi–class cyanobacterial toxin analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Thomas,

Wright,

Beach

et al. 2024

Journal of Chromatography A

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A rapid LC-MS/MS method for multi-class identification and quantification of cyanotoxins

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms From Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms From Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Cyanotoxin Occurrence and Diversity in 98 Cyanobacterial Blooms from Swedish Lakes and the Baltic Sea

Multi–class cyanobacterial toxin analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

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