A rapid physical-chemical method for the determination of readily biodegradable soluble COD in municipal wastewater

Mamais, Daniel; Jenkins, David; Pitt, Paul

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(93)90211-y

Cited by 251 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The average value of total COD was 627 (±81) g COD/m 3 including soluble COD = 194 (±38) g COD/m 3 versus non-soluble (colloidal and particulate) COD = 433 (±73) g COD/m 3 . For comparison, the average values of total and soluble COD determined using the same method of Mamais et al (1993) from the annual routine operating data were slightly deviating from the above concentrations, i.e. 594 and 172 g COD/m 3 (2007), and 715 and 192 g COD/m 3 (2008).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that Mamais et al (1993) justified the rationale for their coagulation-flocculation method by the fact that readily biodegradable organic matter consists of simple molecules such as VFAs and low molecular weight carbohydrates that pass through the cell membrane and are metabolized immediately. Hu et al (2002b) indeed confirmed that the COD quantified with this method corresponded closely with the low (\1 kDa) molecular weight Int.…”

Section: Preparation Of Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wastewater sample in reactor 2, containing only a soluble organic fraction, was prepared according to the rapid physical-chemical method of Mamais et al (1993). That method is based on precipitation with ZnSO 4 at pH 10.5, which removes the colloidal particles leaving only truly soluble organic matter in the supernatant.…”

Section: Preparation Of Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

Drewnowski

Mąkinia

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The efficiency of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems is strongly dependent on the availability of appropriate carbon sources. Due to high costs of commercial compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, etc.) and acclimation periods (usually) required, the effective use of internal substrates is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of slowly biodegradable compounds (particulate and colloidal), as internal carbon sources, on denitrification, phosphate release/uptake and oxygen utilization for a full-scale process mixed liquor from two large wastewater treatment plants located in northern Poland. Since it is difficult to distinguish the effect of slowly biodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure was developed and implemented. Four types of one-and two-phase laboratory batch experiments were carried out in two parallel reactors with the settled wastewater without pre-treatment (reactor 1) and pre-treated with coagulation-flocculation (reactor 2). The removal of colloidal and particulate fractions resulted in the reduced process rates (except for phosphate release). The average reductions ranged from 13 % for the oxygen utilization rate during the second phase of a two-phase experiment (anaerobic/aerobic), up to 35 % for the nitrate utilization rate (NUR) during the second phase of a conventional NUR measurement.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

Drewnowski

Mąkinia

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It may provide higher accuracy and is therefore more suitable for research studies. The physicochemical method is based on the assumption that COD fractions model can be separated by filtration and flocculation processes and that COD of the gained fractions is easily measurable by standard chemical methods (Mamais et al, 1993). The main problem of this process is that the filtration can not effectively separate readily and slowly biodegradable fractions because the colloidal (between soluble and particulate) matter may contribute to both fractions.…”

Section: Determination Of Cod Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical oxygen demand fractions of municipal wastewater for modeling of wastewater treatment

Pásztor

Thury

Pulai

2008

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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When a new wastewater treatment plant is being designed by computer simulation, detailed data about organic fractions of influent wastewater (measured as chemical oxygen demand) are usually not available, but knowledge of the typical ranges of these fractions is indispensable. The influent chemical oxygen demand fractions can substantially influence the results of simulation-based design such as reactor volumes, solids residence time, effluent quality, oxygen demand, sludge production, etc. This article attempts to give an overview of wastewater organic fractions as modeling parameters and presents new chemical oxygen demand fractionation results from Hungary. According to the data from literature, the ratio of chemical oxygen demand components in raw wastewater is very different and the average composition is as follows: Inert particulate = 17.1 %, slowly biodegradable = 57.9 %, inert soluble = 7.8 % and readily biodegradable = 17.5 %. The Hungarian wastewater samples were analyzed according to STOWA (Dutch foundation for applied water research) protocol and the obtained results were not much different from those of literature ( inert particulate = 23.7 %, slowly biodegradable = 49.8 %, inert soluble = 4.6 % and readily biodegradable = 21.9 %), but some typical characteristics were observed.

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“…For a limited number of experimental periods (Periods 3.6.1 and 3.6.2a,b with ferric chloride dosing -see De Haas et al, 2000d), RBCOD was measured using the physico-chemical method of Mamais et al (1993). For these periods, the measured RBCOD values were used for characterisation of the influent.…”

Section: Readily Biodegradable Codmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of simultaneous chemical precipitation in modified activated sludge systems exhibiting biological excess phosphate removal: Part 7: Application of the IAWQ model

Haas¹,

Wentzel²,

Ekama³

2004

WSA

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The IAWQ Activated Sludge Model (ASM) No. 2 is a kinetic-based model and incorporates two simple processes for chemical precipitation and redissolution that are readily integrated with biological processes for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This model was applied to experimental data collected as part of this study from parallel pilot-scale 3-stage Phoredox systems with and without simultaneous dosing of chemical precipitant. The precipitants tested were alum, ferric chloride and ferrous-ferric chloride. The model was calibrated to the control unit (without precipitant addition) in order to match effluent phosphate (P) predictions (and hence P removal) as closely as possible. The same calibration was then applied to modelling the test unit (with precipitant addition). It was found that the default model input stoichiometry for the precipitation reaction (ideal 1:1 molar ratio of metal ion (Me) to P) was suitable for ferric chloride addition at a 20 d sludge age, but did not accurately reflect the test system behaviour for all experimental periods. A lower stoichiometry (0.60 to 0.75) was required for alum at a 20 d sludge age, and for a blend of predominantly ferrous chloride at a 10 d sludge age. The input stoichiometry was further decreased under P-limiting conditions. A simple approach to, and possible reasons for, the manipulation of the model stoichiometry are discussed in the light of observed stoichiometry from system P removal and fractionation data collected as part of this study. Furthermore, an alternative approach based on manipulation of the precipitation (and hence redissolution) kinetic constant is suggested and evaluated using available experimental data. Model predictions and observed data in respect of polyphosphate (polyP) and suspended solids are also compared and discussed. It is concluded that the ASM No. 2 model provides a useful basis for modelling simultaneous P precipitation, provided certain minor modifications are made. Further investigation into the kinetics of the precipitation process(es) is recommended, particularly in relation to the effect of system sludge age. The model lends itself to further enhancement by incorporating additional physico-chemical processes. Nomenclature

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A rapid physical-chemical method for the determination of readily biodegradable soluble COD in municipal wastewater

Cited by 251 publications

References 3 publications

The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems

Chemical oxygen demand fractions of municipal wastewater for modeling of wastewater treatment

The use of simultaneous chemical precipitation in modified activated sludge systems exhibiting biological excess phosphate removal: Part 7: Application of the IAWQ model

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