A rapid tetrazolium dye reduction assay to assess the bactericidal activity of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Effects of dissolved oxygen on survival and immune responses of scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston)

“…In the present study, the specific growth rate of the scallop started to decline at 4.5 mg l À1 DO and significantly decreased at 2.5 mg l À1 DO, hence, DO level below 4.5 mg l À1 could be considered as a hypoxia status for this animal. Haemocytes are important to the immune responses of bivalve, and are involved in the inflammatory response, wound recovery, the respiratory burst, encapsulation and phagocytosis [45]. Phagocytosis is considered an important way to control and eliminate invaders.…”

The influence of temperature and dose on antibacterial peptide response against lipopolysaccharide in the blue mussel,Mytilus edulis

“…The method is based on cellular conversion in living cells of a tetrazolium salt into a formazan product which can be colourimetrically detected [29][30]. Aliquots (50 l) of the haemolymph dilution were added to 50 l of PS-bu#er containing 0, 0·001, 0·01, 0·1, 1·0, 10 g LPS, in flat-bottom 96 wells microtitre plates.…”

Responses of oyster Crassostrea virginica hemocytes to environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

“…The percentage of bacteria killed in vitro by oyster hemocytes (killing index, KI) was determined in flat-bottomed 96 well microtiter plates as described by Volety et al (1999), except that streptomycin was not used. Briefly, 10 6 bacteria were incubated (3 h, 17°C) with 10 5 oyster hemocytes in each of 8 replicate wells.…”

“…The tetrazolium dye 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS; Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) and phenylmethasulfazone (PMS; Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO) were added to the wells (30 min, 25°C), and the absorbencies of formazan, the soluble reduction product of MTS/PMS, were read (490 nm) using an ELISA microplate reader (Model 311-SX, Bio-Tek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT). The percentage of KI was calculated as described by Volety et al (1999), using the average of 8 replicates.…”