“…Zero-dimensional nanomaterials mostly exist in spherical or quasi-spherical shapes with diameters less than 100 nm [ 47 , 64 ]. The most common 0D materials used in sensing applications are carbon QDs (CQDs) [ 65 , 66 ], semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) [ 67 , 68 ], graphene quantum dots (GQDs) [ 62 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], CdTe QDs [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], and precious metal NPs such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AuNPs [ 18 , 20 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. However, 0D nanomaterial-based sensing is still in its infancy, and the practical applicability of these nanosensors still has room for advancement, which needs to be solved shortly.…”