A real-time middleware platform for the smart grid

Abstract

The currently used communications layer in the electric power grid is heavily outdated and thus not able to cope with emerging Smart Grid application requirements. Notably, new measurement devices and advanced control applications are being deployed with the aim to greatly improve the stability and efficiency of the grid. A communication infrastructure together with a middleware that delivers updates across wide areas in a timely and reliable manner is thus a cornerstone in the emerging Smart Grid. In this paper, we analyse distributed computing technologies that meet the stringent communications requirements.We show that the solutions and practices developed for Machine-To-Machine (M2M) communications, ETSI M2M middleware in particular, can be successfully applied to future Smart Grid networks. The pitfalls of the proposed architecture are identified and an upgrade is devised to provide for the critical event-driven, real-time communication required by some applications

Adaptable Protocol Selection for Reliable Smart City Services

“…The AdM2M monitoring model measures the size of data and the sampling rate of the create ContentInstance resource requests of each App, as shown in (step 6 ).…”

“…60 mph) can exchange at least 10 messages per second, with 3K bits in each message. Other types of services generate different levels of traffic [6,7].…”

Area Limitations on Smart Grid Computer Networks

“…Another study [4] argues the suitability of application layer protocols [7] for message exchanging within smart grids. Specifically the use of protocols that are commonly found in Machine to Machine communications such as:…”

“…7. The conclusions are that the Machine to Machine protocols can be utilized efficiently in smart grids depending on the messages' function [4].…”

“…Results from such implementations including mainly time delays can encourage the development of smart grids. Various important implementations have been reported so far, such as the use of UDP with time delay of 4~8ms [2], a comparison between UDP and TCP with time delays of 33 and 41ms, respectively [3] and the suggestion that using application layer protocols as CoAP or WebSocket can meet the smart grid requirements [4].…”