A reconfigurable CMOS pixel for applying tone mapping on high dynamic range images

Gouveia, Luiz Carlos; Mughal, Waqas; Choubey, Bhaskar

doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860912

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Gouevia et al in [46] present a new programmable pixel based on variable integration time. In this proof-of-concept, the integration time is a function of the light intensity and is an user controllable signal.…”

Section: Application Specific Integrated Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, most of the embedded systems would have limited system resources in terms of battery, computational power and memory resources. These design challenges require novel solutions, and in this report we focus on these issues.In this we survey will discuss those tonemap algorithms which have been implemented on GPU [1-10], FPGA , and ASIC [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] in terms of their hardware specifications and performance. Output image quality is an important metric for tonemap algorithms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this we survey will discuss those tonemap algorithms which have been implemented on GPU [1-10], FPGA , and ASIC [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] in terms of their hardware specifications and performance. Output image quality is an important metric for tonemap algorithms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time Tone Mapping: A State of the Art Report

Ou,

Ambalathankandy,

Ikebe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The rising demand for high quality display has ensued active research in high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, which has the potential to replace the standard dynamic range imaging. This is due to HDR's features like accurate reproducibility of a scene with its entire spectrum of visible lighting and color depth. But this capability comes with expensive capture, display, storage and distribution resource requirements. Also, display of HDR images/video content on an ordinary display device with limited dynamic range requires some form of adaptation. Many adaptation algorithms, widely known as tone mapping operators, have been studied and proposed in the last few decades. In this state of the art report, we present a comprehensive survey of 50+ tone mapping algorithms that have been implemented on hardware for acceleration and real-time performance. These algorithms have been adapted or redesigned to make them hardware-friendly. This effort leads to various design challenges that are encountered during the hardware development. Any real-time application poses strict timing constraints which requires time exact processing of the algorithm. Also, most of the embedded systems would have limited system resources in terms of battery, computational power and memory resources. These design challenges require novel solutions, and in this report we focus on these issues.In this we survey will discuss those tonemap algorithms which have been implemented on GPU [1-10], FPGA , and ASIC [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] in terms of their hardware specifications and performance. Output image quality is an important metric for tonemap algorithms. From our literature survey we found that, various objective quality metrics have been used to demonstrate the functionality of adapting the algorithm on hardware platform. We have compiled and studied all the metrics used in this survey [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Finally, in this report we demonstrate the link between hardware cost and image quality thereby illustrating the underlying trade-off. This report concludes with a discussion on the general future research directions based-on various hardware design/implementation bottlenecks which will be useful for the research community.

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Section: Application Specific Integrated Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time Tone Mapping: A State of the Art Report

Ou,

Ambalathankandy,

Ikebe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A WDR pixel [19][20][21] which uses NMOS only transistors and can produce a tone mapped response is shown in Fig. 1a.…”

Section: Wide Dynamic Range Pixelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Wide Dynamic Range Tone Mapping CMOS Image Sensor

Mughal

Choubey

2020

Sens Imaging

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The dynamic range of a natural scene often covers over 6 decades of intensity from bright to dark areas. Typical image sensors, however, have limited ability to capture this dynamic range available in nature. Even after designing specific wide dynamic range (WDR) image sensors, displaying them on conventional media with limited ability requires computationally complex tone mapping. This paper proposed a novel CMOS pixel which can capture and perform tone mapping during data acquisition. The pixel requires a reference voltage to generate tone mapped response. A number of different reference signals are proposed and generated which can perform WDR operation. Nevertheless, fixed pattern noise (FPN) effects the performance of these pixel. A pixel model with simple parameter extraction procedure is described for a typical tone mapping operator. This model is then used to obtain a simple procedure for pixel calibration leading to reduced FPN. The new proposed pixel response is able to capture upto 6 decades of light intensity and reported FPN correction procedure produces 1% of FPN contrast error.

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“…By suitably designing the pixel reference, one can obtain any monotonically increasing transduction function from this pixel. Of particular interest to us is the tone mapped response, wherein a wide dynamic range image can not only be captured, but directly displayed as well [38]. Fig.…”

Section: Computational Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Evolution of CMOS Image Sensors

Gouveia

Choubey

2014

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems

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CMOS Image Sensors have become the principal technology in majority of digital cameras. They started replacing the film and Charge Coupled Devices in the last decade with the promise of lower cost, lower power requirement, higher integration and the potential of focal plane processing. However, the principal factor behind their success has been the ability to utilise the shrinkage in CMOS technology to make smaller pixels, and thereby have more resolution without increasing the cost. With the market of image sensors exploding courtesy their integration with communication and computation devices, technology developers improved the CMOS processes to have better optical performance. Nevertheless, the promises of focal plane processing as well as on-chip integration have not been fulfilled. The market is still being pushed by the desire of having higher number of pixels and better image quality, however, differentiation is being difficult for any image sensor manufacturer. In the paper, we will explore potential disruptive growth directions for CMOS Image sensors and ways to achieve the same.

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A reconfigurable CMOS pixel for applying tone mapping on high dynamic range images

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Real-time Tone Mapping: A State of the Art Report

Real-time Tone Mapping: A State of the Art Report

On Wide Dynamic Range Tone Mapping CMOS Image Sensor

On Evolution of CMOS Image Sensors

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