A rede social de indivíduos sob tratamento em um CAPS ad: o ecomapa como recurso

Abstract

Trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido com indivíduos sob tratamento num Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para álcool e drogas (CAPS ad) da região sul do Brasil. O estudo teve 300 horas de observação participante e grupos focais, nos quais se utilizou o ecomapa como instrumento para a discriminação das fontes de suporte social. O estudo objetivou a identificação da rede social de indivíduos sob tratamento devido ao uso abusivo de drogas, promovendo uma reflexão sobre a qualidade e situação dos vínculos estabelecidos com as pessoas significativamente importantes para eles. Os resultados evidenciaram uma trajetória de separações e perdas. O uso do ecomapa permitiu a identificação de pontos vulneráveis nas vinculações destes sujeitos, configurando-se, portanto, numa estratégia ética que possibilita a identificação conjunta (entre profissional e usuário) de necessidades do âmbito social, familiar e individual a serem contempladas no planejamento de cuidados de saúde, sobretudo em saúde mental.

Genogram and ecomap: brazilian nursing contributions

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In 20052, [16][17][18][19] 24 Except one, 37 all papers included in the review used the genogram and ecomap as complementary tools for research data collection. One paper was identified in which the contribution of the genogram and the ecomap was explored in undergraduate nursing education and in childcare.…”

“…The authors also described these instruments as a therapeutic resource. 2,[15][16]22 In that sense, they were appointed as means to identify vulnerable points for the research participants, to indicate support strategies in the community and to reveal perspectives on the family relationships.…”

“…Papers were identified with "families" of: elderly people; 10,12,24,32 pregnant women with human papillomavirus; 23,27 women with human papillomavirus, in the form of a case study; 11 adults with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; 8 nursing faculty members; 29 children who were victims of violence; 31 children with cancer 2 and chronic kidney failure; [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] patients with mental disorders; 3,14,28 users registered in the Family Health Program; 19 adults with chronic kidney failure; 13 hospitalized patients; 20 adolescent parents; 7 people living in rural areas 36 and, in one study, to understand the family context in the health-disease process. 25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8]…”

“…25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][28][29]32,34 and, in three, 22,24,30 both individual and group interviews were used. In seven papers, 7,25-27,31,36-37 the authors did not mention how the instruments were constructed.…”

“…Among the papers selected, in 19, the interviews were held at home, 3,6,8,10,12,[17][18][19]21,24,[26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36] in five at the health service 9,13,15,20,23 and, in six, both at home and at the health service. 2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned.…”