A Reduced-Function Allele Reveals That <i>EARLY FLOWERING3</i> Repressive Action on the Circadian Clock Is Modulated by Phytochrome Signals in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kolmos, Elsebeth; Herrero, Eva; Bujdoso, Nora; Millar, Andrew J.; Tóth, Réka; Gyula, Péter; Nagy, Ferenc; Davis, Seth J

doi:10.1105/tpc.111.088195

Cited by 96 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…In Arabidopsis, LUX was recently shown to act together with ELF3 and ELF4 proteins in a complex termed the evening complex (EC), in which ELF3 is thought to serve as a adaptor, physically linking ELF4 to LUX Herrero et al, 2012). Consistent with a role of ELF3 and ELF4 in the EC and in LUX activity, elf3 and elf4 mutants also show elevated expression of PRR9 (Thines and Harmon, 2010;Dixon et al, 2011;Kolmos et al, 2011). Likewise, the pea dne mutant also shows altered regulation of PRR59 with an apparent loss of repression during the latter part of the night phase but had no effect on PRR37 expression (Liew et al, 2009a), similar to sn (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Pea Photoperiod Response Gene STERILE NODES Is an Ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO

et al. 2014

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The STERILE NODES (SN) locus in pea (Pisum sativum) was one of the first photoperiod response genes to be described and provided early evidence for the genetic control of long-distance signaling in flowering-time regulation. Lines homozygous for recessive sn mutations are early flowering and photoperiod insensitive, with an increased ability to promote flowering across a graft union in short-day conditions. Here, we show that SN controls developmental regulation of genes in the FT family and rhythmic regulation of genes related to circadian clock function. Using a positional and functional candidate approach, we identify SN as the pea ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO, a GARP transcription factor from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with an important role in circadian clock function. In addition to induced mutants, sequence analysis demonstrates the presence of at least three other independent, naturally occurring loss-of-function mutations among known sn cultivars. Examination of genetic and regulatory interactions between SN and two other circadian clock genes, HIGH RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD (HR) and DIE NEUTRALIS (DNE), suggests a complex relationship in which HR regulates expression of SN and the role of DNE and HR in control of flowering is dependent on SN. These results extend previous work to show that pea orthologs of all three Arabidopsis evening complex genes regulate clock function and photoperiod-responsive flowering and suggest that the function of these genes may be widely conserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Pea Photoperiod Response Gene STERILE NODES Is an Ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO

et al. 2014

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“…5B). The abundance of HvElf3 in the mutant is most likely due to lack of functional HvELF3 protein, because AtElf3 has been shown to be autoregulated by its own gene product (26,27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

Zakhrabekova

Gough

Braumann

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

163

194

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Time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of agriculture. In 1961, the cultivar Mari (mat-a.8) was the very first induced early barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant to be released into commercial production. Mari extended the range of two-row spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity. Since its release, Mari or its derivatives have been used extensively across the world to facilitate short-season adaptation and further geographic range extension. By exploiting an extended historical collection of early-flowering mutants of barley, we identified Praematurum-a (Mat-a), the gene responsible for this key adaptive phenotype, as a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock regulator Early Flowering 3 (Elf3). We characterized 87 induced mat-a mutant lines and identified >20 different mata alleles that had clear mutations leading to a defective putative ELF3 protein. Expression analysis of HvElf3 and Gigantea in mutant and wild-type plants demonstrated that mat-a mutations disturb the flowering pathway, leading to the early phenotype. Alleles of Mat-a therefore have important and demonstrated breeding value in barley but probably also in many other daylength-sensitive crop plants, where they may tune adaptation to different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.earliness | food security | timing of flowering | molecular breeding | synteny

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“…The functional relevance of these domains remain largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests that block II is required for interaction with the ELF4 protein (Herrero et al, 2012;Saini et al, 2013), and mutations within block II have been shown to alter ELF3 function and cellular distribution (Anwer et al, 2014;Kolmos et al, 2011). We also assembled a more extensive collection of legume ELF3 sequences and examined the resulting alignment (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

EARLY FLOWERING3 Redundancy Fine-Tunes Photoperiod Sensitivity

et al. 2017

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Three pea (Pisum sativum) loci controlling photoperiod sensitivity, HIGH RESPONSE (HR), DIE NEUTRALIS (DNE), and STERILE NODES (SN), have recently been shown to correspond to orthologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) circadian clock genes EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO, respectively. A fourth pea locus, PHOTOPERIOD (PPD), also contributes to the photoperiod response in a similar manner to SN and DNE, and recessive ppd mutants on a springflowering hr mutant background show early, photoperiod-insensitive flowering. However, the molecular identity of PPD has so far remained elusive. Here, we show that the PPD locus also has a role in maintenance of diurnal and circadian gene expression rhythms and identify PPD as an ELF3 co-ortholog, termed ELF3b. Genetic interactions between pea ELF3 genes suggest that loss of PPD function does not affect flowering time in the presence of functional HR, whereas PPD can compensate only partially for the lack of HR. These results provide an illustration of how gene duplication and divergence can generate potential for the emergence of more subtle variations in phenotype that may be adaptively significant.

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A Reduced-Function Allele Reveals That EARLY FLOWERING3 Repressive Action on the Circadian Clock Is Modulated by Phytochrome Signals in Arabidopsis

Cited by 96 publications

References 75 publications

The Pea Photoperiod Response Gene STERILE NODES Is an Ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO

The Pea Photoperiod Response Gene STERILE NODES Is an Ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

EARLY FLOWERING3 Redundancy Fine-Tunes Photoperiod Sensitivity

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