A reduced power budget and enhanced performance in a wdm system: a new fbg apodization function

Mustafa, Fathy M.; Sayed, Ahmed F.; Aly, Moustafa H.

doi:10.1007/s11082-022-03876-5

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Various research works have been reported on the impact of apodization for obtaining optimal features of FBG specifically for sensing applications [10][11][12]. As compared to such research works, the proposed apodization profile with 25 mm grating length presented in this paper performs slightly better on some specific aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Moreover, a new apodization profile has been proposed to enhance the performance with 50 mm grating length based on a chirped FBG [12]. The simulation outcomes illustrated with the reflectivity, bandwidth, and filter line [12]. The 3 dB bandwidth for the proposed model in this case is comparatively wider than the functional profile of the apodization method proposed in this paper with 25 mm grating length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, the obtained reflectivity is slightly lower in this case as compared to the proposed apodized FBG profile presented in this paper at 25 mm grating length. Moreover, a new apodization profile has been proposed to enhance the performance with 50 mm grating length based on a chirped FBG [12]. The simulation outcomes illustrated with the reflectivity, bandwidth, and filter line [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization and analysis of apodized fiber Bragg grating properties for quasi-distributed sensing

Mandal,

Sidhishwari

2024

Phys. Scr.

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An apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is introduced with a proposed apodization function for the effective quasi-distributed sensing estimation of the temperature and the strain. FBG features such as reflectivity, side lobes, and bandwidth have been optimized for the designed apodized grating to upgrade the effectiveness of FBG for properly measuring the variations in the Bragg wavelength. Based upon the simulation, a comparative analytical study on FBG properties with different apodization function profiles has been demonstrated to achieve the optimum profile with high reflectivity, narrow bandwidth and minimal range of side lobes for quasi-distributed sensing estimation of parameters. A strong linearity has been noted for the sensitivity of designed FBG with different apodization profiles for the temperature and the strain estimation subsequently. It has been reported that the obtained sensitivity of measurands for the FBG with proposed apodization profile are higher as compared with the other profiles. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based quasi-distributed network of four optimized FBGs have been implemented for different apodization profiles to illustrate the impact of apodization to prevent overlapping between neighbouring FBG spectrums in the sensing network with spatial resolution of 2 nm. The maximal detectable temperature/strain sensitivity estimation of 153 °C / 1439 μϵ have been obtained for the proposed apodized FBG along with minimal detectable temperature/strain ranges of -102 °C / -1345 μϵ in the quasi-distributed network. The achieved ranges with optimum resolution can be implemented effectively in quasi-distributed based sensing application for condition observation of civil infrastructures in any complex circumstances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization and analysis of apodized fiber Bragg grating properties for quasi-distributed sensing

Mandal,

Sidhishwari

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…And, the same can be observed by looking at the performance metrics of the system from tables 5 and 6, respectively. Here, we have considered two different functions for the apodization of FBGs, namely the Gaussian and hyperbolic tangent [30,37,38]. To get the optimum response of the system the value of Gauss and tanh parameters are considered as 0.5.…”

Section: Performance Estimation Of the System With The Apodized Fbgs ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of optical communication system with cascaded FBGs of varying lengths

Naga Bhaskar,

Pal,

Pattnaik

2023

J. Opt.

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In this paper, an optical communication system constructed with cascaded fiber Bragg gratings or FBGs of varying lengths capable of operating in the C-band is presented. Here, initially, a passive optical device formed with four cascaded FBGs of varying lengths is proposed and analysed. Subsequently, the proposed device is kept in the optical communication system to reduce the spectral widthof the source, thereby enhancing the system's performance. Analytical formulation based on the transfer matrix method (TMM) of an optical device is incorporated. The effect of such a device on the system performance at various operating distances is discussed. Further, the system performance is studied with the apodized FBGs in the passive optical device. At the end, we investigated the effect of incorporating the cascaded FBG structure in the system utilizing four-level pulse amplitude modulation or PAM-4 modulation . As per the simulation results, the proposed device has given a maximum reflectivity of 98.39% and a minimum FWHM of 0.175 nm for uniform FBGs. But with the apodized FBGs, an FWHM of 0.07 nm with a reflectivity of 59.81% has been achieved. Simulation results reveal that the system formed with the proposed device has given better performance up to a distance of 105 km compared to the absence of the device. At the maximum operating distance of the system with apodized FBGs, the Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) are recorded as 6.712 and 9.5321×10-12, respectively. Apart from the Q-factor and BER estimation, eye height is also used to estimate the system performance at various operating distances.

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“…The system is designed for longer reach, but the performance of the suggested model is not good with reference to the Qfactor. Mustafa et al [31] suggested a new apodization function with CFBG technique to improve the system performance. In this paper author compared different apodization profiles for 100km length of optical fiber.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of long-haul optical transmission systems: diverse chirped FBGs with DCF for 300km length of SMF

2022

IJATEE

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Further, DCF and FBG techniques are reported to conflict the dispersion or PWB in optical fiber transmission system (OFTS) by selecting the different location as pre, post, and symmetric compensation [1113]. The comparative analysis for different long-haul optical transmission system has also been designed through DCF and FBGs techniques. It has been observed that the DCF and FBG give good performance [10]. Furthermore, comparative analysis of different hybridizationdispersion-compensation techniques like chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBGs), DCF+FBG, optical phase conjugation (OPC) +DCF, FBG+DCF+OPC are available in the literature. These techniques overcome the dispersion phenomena, but the cost of system increases [1, 5, 1420]. According to the literature [1120], most of the investigations emphasize on DCF, FBG, OPC+DCF and DCF+FBG techniques as dispersion compensator, but the cost of implementation is still high and challengeable. It is also observed that the performance of OFTS system

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A reduced power budget and enhanced performance in a wdm system: a new fbg apodization function

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Optimization and analysis of apodized fiber Bragg grating properties for quasi-distributed sensing

Optimization and analysis of apodized fiber Bragg grating properties for quasi-distributed sensing

Performance enhancement of optical communication system with cascaded FBGs of varying lengths

Investigation of long-haul optical transmission systems: diverse chirped FBGs with DCF for 300km length of SMF

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