Background: With rapid developments of single-cell sequencing and multi/trans-omics, clinical single-cell biomedicine is a new and emergent discipline to integrate single-cell molecular and clinical phenomes and uncover new disease-specific diagnosis and therapy. Aims: The journal of Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) launches the first CTM initiative of Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine (cscBioMed) to promote the discovery and development of single-cellbased biology and medicine, speed the translation from single-cell biology into clinical application, and improve early diagnosis and therapy for human diseases. Materials & Methods: The cscBioMed initiative is speeding translational processes from circulating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) into routine measures in clinical biochemistry of hematology, from spatial transcriptomics into single-cell pathology, from single-cell-based biomarkers and targets into clinical diagnostics and target drugs. Conclusion: With a clear goal, we expect that cscBioMed will benefit the human health by establishing a clinical single-cell dynamic monitoring and early predicting system and by improving diagnosis and treatment. Single-cell-based research has been developing for decades and has resulted in a new discipline of single-cell biology. 1-3 With rapid development of single-cell technologies, single-cell biology science has shown impact for identification and development of disease-specific biomarkers. The deep understanding of single-cell molecular and morphological phenomes provides new insights This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.