In order to overcome the disadvantages of small broadband, low transmission rate, network delay and high error rate in the locomotive real-time data transmission. A new wireless real-time data transmission system is designed by using nRF24L01 based on USB2.0.Which includes CY7C68013A chip of CYPRESS company and nRF24L01 wireless module, gives communication principle interface electrics circuit between CY7C68013A chip and nRF24L01 wireless module, focus on the hardware and software designs according to practical application and analyze real-time of the data during transporting. An algorithm for reducing real-time data error rate is developed to achieve efficient real-time data transmission. Experiments proved that the system is easy to control and works stably to perform reliable wireless real-time data transmission.