A renewable natural cotton derived and nitrogen/sulfur co-doped carbon as a high-performance sodium ion battery anode

Yang, Chenghao; Xiong, Jiawen; Ou, Xing; Wu, Chau Ron; Xiong, Xunhui; Wang, Jeng Han; Huang, Kevin; Liu, Meilin

doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2018.02.001

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…In galvanostatic charge/discharge test (Figures 4D,E ), the charge capacity of AAC attractively reaches 479.2 mAh g −1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 with 96% retention. Furthermore, it can achieve reversible capacity of 691.7 mAh g −1 after 1200 cycles at a high rate of 2 A g −1 with an ascending tendency in the first few hundred cycles, which is stemmed from gradual electrochemical activation of AAC and is similar to most carbonaceous anode materials (Qie et al, 2012 ; Lv et al, 2015 ; Xiong et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2018b ). On the contrary, ordinary AC merely delivers 261.6 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and 229.1 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 under the same cycling condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(iii) Metallic K permeates into carbon matrices, achieving the larger graphene interlayer distance, resulting in the lattices expansion (Romanos et al, 2012 ; Wang and Kaskel, 2012 ). The enlarged interlayer distance has favorable influences on the electrochemical performance of AAC, which enables reversible intercalation for Li + /Na + ion and well maintain the structural integrity at the same time (Wen et al, 2014 ; Kim et al, 2017 ; Zou et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ). Subsequently, D-band representing defects induction at ~1334 cm −1 and G-band representing in-plane vibration at ~1577 cm −1 are located in Raman spectra (Figure 3B ), whereby the I D /I G can be calculated as 0.84 for AAC and 1.11 for AC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorphous carbon, compared to graphite, can reach higher specific capacity with enlarged interlayer distance and shortened ion transportation paths. Owing to environment amiability, sustainability and cost efficiency, ta large amount of diverse selectable biomass materials, such as protein (Li et al, 2013 ), peanut shell (Lv et al, 2015 ), bee pollen grain (Tang et al, 2016 ), rice husk (Zhang et al, 2016a ), cotton (Li et al, 2016 ; Xiong et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2018 ), garlic skin (Zhang et al, 2018c ), have been investigated in depth of their electrochemical capabilities. Generally, biomass-derived amorphous carbon can be synthesized by directly pyrolysis (Li et al, 2016 ) − (Wang et al, 2015 ) or hydrothermal treatment (Li et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activated Amorphous Carbon With High-Porosity Derived From Camellia Pollen Grains as Anode Materials for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Xiong

et al. 2018

Front. Chem.

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Carbonaceous anode materials are commonly utilized in the energy storage systems, while their unsatisfied electrochemical performances hardly meet the increasing requirements for advanced anode materials. Here, activated amorphous carbon (AAC) is synthesized by carbonizing renewable camellia pollen grains with naturally hierarchical structure, which not only maintains abundant micro- and mesopores with surprising specific surface area (660 m2 g−1), but also enlarges the interlayer spacing from 0.352 to 0.4 nm, effectively facilitating ions transport, intercalation, and adsorption. Benefiting from such unique characteristic, AAC exhibits 691.7 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 2 A g−1, and achieves 459.7, 335.4, 288.7, 251.7, and 213.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 A g−1 in rate response for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, reversible capacities of 324.8, 321.6, 312.1, 298.9, 282.3, 272.4 mAh g−1 at various rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 A g−1 are preserved for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The results reveal that the AAC anode derived from camellia pollen grains can display excellent cyclic life and superior rate performances, endowing the infinite potential to extend its applications in LIBs and SIBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Activated Amorphous Carbon With High-Porosity Derived From Camellia Pollen Grains as Anode Materials for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Xiong

et al. 2018

Front. Chem.

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“…The microstructure of H-2D-HCA was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Interestingly, H-2D-HCA has an amorphous nature and graphitic micro-crystallites with an average interlayer distance of 0.368 nm (Figure 2C ), which is larger than that of graphite (Ou et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2018 ). The broaden peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern also confirms the amorphous nature of H-2D-HCA (Supplementary Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-Level Heteroatom Doped Two-Dimensional Carbon Architectures for Highly Efficient Lithium-Ion Storage

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Chem.

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In this work, high-level heteroatom doped two-dimensional hierarchical carbon architectures (H-2D-HCA) are developed for highly efficient Li-ion storage applications. The achieved H-2D-HCA possesses a hierarchical 2D morphology consisting of tiny carbon nanosheets vertically grown on carbon nanoplates and containing a hierarchical porosity with multiscale pore size. More importantly, the H-2D-HCA shows abundant heteroatom functionality, with sulfur (S) doping of 0.9% and nitrogen (N) doping of as high as 15.5%, in which the electrochemically active N accounts for 84% of total N heteroatoms. In addition, the H-2D-HCA also has an expanded interlayer distance of 0.368 nm. When used as lithium-ion battery anodes, it shows excellent Li-ion storage performance. Even at a high current density of 5 A g−1, it still delivers a high discharge capacity of 329 mA h g−1 after 1,000 cycles. First principle calculations verifies that such unique microstructure characteristics and high-level heteroatom doping nature can enhance Li adsorption stability, electronic conductivity and Li diffusion mobility of carbon nanomaterials. Therefore, the H-2D-HCA could be promising candidates for next-generation LIB anodes.

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“…There has been an increase of research into organic cathode materials, which are cheaper and more eco-friendly [41,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. These organic materials operate via a reversible Na + ion insertion/extraction mechanism that is accompanied by electrochemically induced transformation of aromatic functional groups.…”

Section: Organic Compounds As Cathodes In Na-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.

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A renewable natural cotton derived and nitrogen/sulfur co-doped carbon as a high-performance sodium ion battery anode

Cited by 69 publications

References 50 publications

Activated Amorphous Carbon With High-Porosity Derived From Camellia Pollen Grains as Anode Materials for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Activated Amorphous Carbon With High-Porosity Derived From Camellia Pollen Grains as Anode Materials for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

High-Level Heteroatom Doped Two-Dimensional Carbon Architectures for Highly Efficient Lithium-Ion Storage

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

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