A Research Survey on Applications of Consensus Protocols in Blockchain

Kaur, Sivleen; Chaturvedi, Sheetal; Sharma, Aabha; Kar, Jayaprakash

doi:10.1155/2021/6693731

Cited by 85 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The subsequent blocks, with the exception of the Genesis Block, must retain the hash address of its previous block. Every block consists of two parts: the block header and block data [41], as shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: A Blockchain Structure and Key Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption of Blockchain With 5G Networks for Industrial IoT: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

et al. 2022

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It has been proven that Internet of Things (IoT) platforms can improve the performance and efficiency of a wide range of processes. With the acceptance of IoT as a major part of the technology of Industry 4.0, the notion of leveraging the Internet in industries to enable automation and reconfigure existing industrial processes has greatly evolved. By introducing smart technology and intelligent processes, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is committed to bringing high operational efficiency, enhanced productivity, and effective management to industrial assets. Despite this, the reliance of IIoT on central architecture presents numerous challenges, including the security and maintenance of smart devices, privacy issues owing to third-party participation, and massive computations conducted by a central entity, all of which prevent its widespread adoption in businesses. Emerging blockchain technologies have the potential to transform IIoT platforms and applications. A distributed and decentralized approach followed by blockchain might offer interesting solutions to the challenges raised by IIoT. Furthermore, 5G networks are expected to deliver excellent solutions to meet the demands of decentralized systems, with a focus on application-specific vulnerabilities. Blockchain and IIoT, enabled by 5G, is a viable option to fully explore the potential of contemporary industry. In this context, this article analyzes and examines recent achievements to highlight the major obstacles in blockchain-IIoT convergence and presents a framework for potential solutions. Directions for the future are also provided and intend to assist researchers in understanding the full potential of these innovations.

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Section: A Blockchain Structure and Key Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption of Blockchain With 5G Networks for Industrial IoT: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

et al. 2022

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“…Review papers detailing the state of the art in the development of consensus mechanisms can be found in [48][49][50].…”

Section: F Other Consensus Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Performance of PBFT Blockchain Consensus Algorithm for IoT-Applications With Constrained Devices

et al. 2021

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Cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things (IoT) are becoming an integral part of the digital society. The use of IoT services improves human life in many ways. Protection against cyber threats is an utmost important prospect of IoT devices operation. Malicious activities lead to confidential data leakage and incorrect performance of devices becomes critical. Therefore, development of effective solutions that can protect both IoT devices data and data exchange networks turns in to a real challenge. This study provides a critical analysis of the feasibility of using blockchain technology to protect constrained IoT devices data, justifies the choice of Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm for implementation on such devices, and simulates the main distributed ledger scenarios using PBFT. In this paper we investigate typical IoT network scenarios that can disrupt system performance. To ensure the adequacy of the models under study, we have analyzed the characteristics of real constrained IoT devices in terms of computing power and data rate. The simulation results demonstrate efficiency of the blockchain technology for constrained devices and make it possible to evaluate applicability limits of the chosen consensus algorithm.

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“…In fact, blockchain relies principally on consensus algorithms which are considered the backbone of the blockchain. Consensus algorithms are "protocol sets that provide a technique with the help of which the users or machines can coordinate in a distributed and decentralised setting" [23]. In the absence of the central governing authority in blockchain, consensus algorithms' main role is to ensure the collective agreement by the majority of the blockchain entities on the blockchain about any action attempted to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, there are many forms of consensus that help to fit these requirements. The proof-of-work (PoW), the proof-of-stake (PoS), and the proof-of-authority (PoA) are the most popular consensus algorithms [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standalone Behaviour-Based Attack Detection Techniques for Distributed Software Systems via Blockchain

et al. 2021

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With the rapid increase of cyberattacks that presently affect distributed software systems, cyberattacks and their consequences have become critical issues and have attracted the interest of research communities and companies to address them. Therefore, developing and improving attack detection techniques are prominent methods to defend against cyberattacks. One of the promising attack detection methods is behaviour-based attack detection methods. Practically, attack detection techniques are widely applied in distributed software systems that utilise network environments. However, there are some other challenges facing attack detection techniques, such as the immutability and reliability of the detection systems. These challenges can be overcome with promising technologies such as blockchain. Blockchain offers a concrete solution for ensuring data integrity against unauthorised modification. Hence, it improves the immutability for detection systems’ data and thus the reliability for the target systems. In this paper, we propose a design for standalone behaviour-based attack detection techniques that utilise blockchain’s functionalities to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. Additionally, we provide a validation experiment to prove our proposal in term of achieving its objectives. We argue that our proposal introduces a novel approach to develop and improve behaviour-based attack detection techniques to become more reliable for distributed software systems.

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A Research Survey on Applications of Consensus Protocols in Blockchain

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

Adoption of Blockchain With 5G Networks for Industrial IoT: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

Adoption of Blockchain With 5G Networks for Industrial IoT: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

On Performance of PBFT Blockchain Consensus Algorithm for IoT-Applications With Constrained Devices

Standalone Behaviour-Based Attack Detection Techniques for Distributed Software Systems via Blockchain

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