A restricted period for formation of outer subventricular zone defined by Cdh1 and Trnp1 levels

Martínez-Martínez, Maria Ángeles; Romero, Camino de Juan; Fernández, Virgínia; Cárdenas, Adrián; Götz, Magdalena; Borrell, Vı́ctor

doi:10.1038/ncomms11812

Cited by 117 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(157 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

139

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There are also genes that are differentially expressed with respect to the gyrus formation reported recently (e.g., Trnp1, Cdh1) (De Juan Romero et al 2015;Martinez-Martinez et al 2016). This guinea pig system would be useful for functional evaluation of those factors.…”

Section: Guinea Pig As An Experimental Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developing guinea pig brain as a model for cortical folding

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cerebral cortex in mammals, the neocortex specifically, is highly diverse among species with respect to its size and morphology, likely reflecting the immense adaptiveness of this lineage. In particular, the pattern and number of convoluted ridges and fissures, called gyri and sulci, respectively, on the surface of the cortex are variable among species and even individuals. However, little is known about the mechanism of cortical folding, although there have been several hypotheses proposed. Recent studies on embryonic neurogenesis revealed the differences in cortical progenitors as a critical factor of the process of gyrification. Here, we investigated the gyrification processes using developing guinea pig brains that form a simple but fundamental pattern of gyri. In addition, we established an electroporation-mediated gene transfer method for guinea pig embryos. We introduce the guinea pig brain as a useful model system to understand the mechanisms and basic principle of cortical folding.

show abstract

Section: Guinea Pig As An Experimental Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…; Martinez‐Martinez et al . ). This guinea pig system would be useful for functional evaluation of those factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Developing guinea pig brain as a model for cortical folding

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, the KO cortex contained overabundant Ki67+ NPC in the basal SVZ and intermediate zone (IZ) (Fig. 2e, f), reminiscent of the positioning of ORG that normally populate the OSVZ 12–14,20 . Discontinuous clusters of basal NPC were accompanied by thinning of the VZ, suggesting that precocious OSVZ progenitors are derived by premature withdrawal from the VZ (Fig.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

Johnson

Sun

Kodani

et al. 2018

Nature

148

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human cerebral cortex is distinguished by its large size and abundant gyrification, or folding, yet the evolutionary mechanisms driving cortical size and structure are unknown. While genes essential for cortical developmental expansion have been identified from the genetics of human primary microcephaly (“small head”, associated with reduced brain size and intellectual disability)1, studies of these genes in mice, whose smooth cortex is one thousand times smaller than that of humans, have provided limited insight. Mutations of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM), the most common recessive microcephaly gene, reduce cortical volume by ≥50% in humans2–4, but have little effect in mice5–9, likely reflecting evolutionarily divergent functions of ASPM10,11. We used genome editing to create a germline knockout (KO) of Aspm in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo), a species with a larger, gyrified cortex and greater neural progenitor cell (NPC) diversity12–14 than mice, and closer Aspm protein sequence homology to human. Aspm KO ferrets exhibit severe microcephaly (25–40% decreases in brain weight), reflecting reduced cortical surface area without significant change in cortical thickness, as in human patients3,4, suggesting loss of “cortical units”. The mutant ferret fetal cortex displays a massive premature displacement of ventricular radial glial cells (VRG) to the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), where many resemble outer radial glia (ORG), an NPC subtype essentially absent in mice and implicated in cerebral cortical expansion in primates12–16. These data suggest an evolutionary mechanism whereby Aspm regulates cortical expansion by controlling the affinity of VRG for the ventricular surface, thus modulating the ratio of VRG, the most undifferentiated cell type, to ORG, a more differentiated progenitor.

show abstract

“…Studies in the ferret suggest there may be a restricted period for the formation of the oSVZ during which vRG cells generate large numbers of oRG cells. This window is delineated by down regulation of Trnp1 and Cdh1 [31]. The DNA-associated protein Trnp1 had previously been identified as a regulator of mammalian brain development, and shRNA knockdown in the mouse leads to increased production of oRG-like cells [32 •• ].…”

Section: Org Cell Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

oRGs and mitotic somal translocation — a role in development and disease

Ostrem

Lullo

Kriegstein

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of the human brain has been characterized by an increase in the size of the neocortex. Underlying this expansion is a significant increase in the number of neurons produced by neural stem cells during early stages of cortical development. Here we highlight recent advances in our understating of these cell populations, consisting of ventricular radial glia and outer radial glia. We highlight how gene expression studies have identified molecular signatures for radial glial cell populations and outline what has been learned about the mechanisms underlying the characteristic mode of division observed in outer radial glia cells, mitotic somal translocation. Understanding the significance of this behavior may help us explain human cortical expansion and further elucidate neurodevelopmental diseases.

show abstract

A restricted period for formation of outer subventricular zone defined by Cdh1 and Trnp1 levels

Cited by 117 publications

References 69 publications

Developing guinea pig brain as a model for cortical folding

Developing guinea pig brain as a model for cortical folding

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

oRGs and mitotic somal translocation — a role in development and disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About