A Retrospective Analysis of Hydraulic Bridge Collapse

Montalvo, Cristopher; Cook, Wesley

doi:10.1061/9780784481028.003

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Earthquakes and overloading are the main causes of concrete cracking ( 50 , 51 ). The degree of earthquake risk and the degree of overloading risk in each region are divided according to the frequency of catastrophic earthquakes (E, unit: times) and freight volume (G, unit: tons).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Liu

Duan³

et al. 2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Service environment has an important influence on the durability of concrete bridges. Environmental factors are often considered in the design stage, however, they tend to be ignored in the process of maintenance management. It is of great significance in prolonging the service life of a bridge to pay attention to the influence of the environment on the deterioration of the bridge during the preventive maintenance process. Concrete carbonation, chloride ion corrosion, sulfate corrosion, concrete cracking, concrete abrasion, and freeze–thaw damage are the main causes of decline of bridge durability. Based on these six kinds of distress, indexes of environmental zoning are proposed. For this purpose, variable weight theory is introduced into the matter-element extension model, and the comprehensive environmental risk values of various regions are calculated. The environmental risk zoning map of the concrete bridge’s location is then drawn using data visualization software (Tubiaoxiu). These maps show that the east, south, and southwest of China are the most high-risk areas for the deterioration of concrete bridges, and the validity of the results is proved by the distribution of collected bridge collapse accidents. Through the environmental risk zoning map, managers can intuitively grasp the degree of environmental risk in each region in real time. This approach could help bridge management department to implement differential management of concrete bridges in different regions, adjust bridge maintenance intervals dynamically, predict the state of bridges scientifically, and realize refined preventive maintenance management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Liu

Duan³

et al. 2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…Between 1992 and 2014, hydraulic failure -failures recorded with descriptions such as hydraulic, flood, scour, tidal, and debris -was found to be the cause of over 55% of all bridge collapses 1 . In addition, it was found that most hydraulic collapses were a result of scour-induced failure 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a lack of monitoring during extreme flow events would underestimate the severity of the true maximum scour depth in the monitored area and, furthermore, could overestimate the soil-support provided to the superstructure. In the retrospective by Montalvo et al 1 , it was found that only 17% of hydraulicly collapsed bridges were identified as scour critical before failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active scour monitoring using ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry to detect a soil interface

Funderburk

Todd

Netchaev

et al. 2021

Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2021

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Local scour is arguably the most pressing issue regarding the safety and longevity of overwater civil infrastructure. Many modern scour detection techniques do not provide continuous scour depth measurements, nor can they function under extreme flow conditions, which is when scour monitoring becomes most critical. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop scour depth monitoring sensors using ultrasonic time domain reflectometry (UTDR). The scour sensor was based on an aluminum strip with two piezoelectric macro fiber composites (MFCs) bonded at one end. The aluminum strip or rod-like sensor is intended to be driven and buried at the location where scour depth measurements are desired. The two MFCs were used to either generate or sense ultrasonic Lamb wave pulses propagating in the aluminum strip. During scour, as sediment is eroded from around the base of the strip, the distance (i.e., scour depth) between the MFCs and the soil interface would increase. The hypothesis was that increasing scour depth would change the mechanical impedance of the system to cause measurable and unique signatures in the residual Lamb wave signals. To test this hypothesis, different interfaces (i.e., metal-metal, polymer-metal, and soil-metal) were applied at different locations along the aluminum strip and MFC system. The MFC sensor-actuator pair was actuated to propagate and measure the corresponding Lamb waves during each test. The results showed clear changes in the residual signal, which were well-correlated to the changing locations of the artificial interface. In particular, the time-of-flight of the response pulse within the residual signature could be used to accurately determine the location of the soil interface or scour depth. Overall, this study demonstrated feasibility of an UTDR sensor for scour monitoring.

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“…Over 200 bridges collapsed in the United States between 1992 and 2014 due to hydraulic-induced failures, including local scour (Montalvo and Cook, 2017). Local scour is a complex phenomenon that is not well-predicted in lab experiments and is exceptionally hard to measure in the field (US Department of Transportation, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densely distributed and real-time scour hole monitoring using piezoelectric rod sensors

Funderburk

Huang

Loh

et al. 2019

Advances in Structural Engineering

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This study aims to validate a piezoelectric driven-rod scour monitoring system that can sense changes in scour depth along the entire rod at its instrumented location. The proposed sensor is a polymeric slender rod with a thin strip of polyvinylidene fluoride that runs through its midline. Extraction of the fundamental frequency allows the direct calculation of the exposed length (or scour depth) of the slender rod undergoing fluid flow excitation. First, laboratory validation in dry conditions is presented. Second, hydrodynamic testing of the sensor system in a soil-bed flume is discussed. Each rod was installed using a three-dimensional-printed footing designed for ease of installation and stabilization during testing. The sensors were installed in a layout designed to capture symmetric scour conditions around a scaled pier. In order to analyze the system out of steady-state conditions, water velocity was increased in stages during testing to induce different degrees of scour. As ambient water flow excited the portion of the exposed rods, the embedded piezoelectric element outputted a time-varying voltage signal. Different methods were then employed to extract the fundamental frequency of each rod, and the results were compared. Further testing was also performed to characterize the relationship between frequency outputs and flow velocity, which were previously thought to be independent. In general, the proposed driven-rod scour monitoring system successfully captured changing frequencies under varied flow conditions.

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A Retrospective Analysis of Hydraulic Bridge Collapse

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Recommendations for Refined Preventive Maintenance Management of Concrete Bridges in China Based on Environmental Risk Zoning

Active scour monitoring using ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry to detect a soil interface

Densely distributed and real-time scour hole monitoring using piezoelectric rod sensors

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